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Micro Test 3 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of the ideal antimicrobial drug

A

microbicidal vs. microbistatic, doesn’t become resistant, etc.

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2
Q

Antibiotic

A

Substances produced by natural metabolic processes of some microbe that can inhibit or destroy other microbes

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3
Q

Semisynthetic drug

A

Drugs that are chemically modified in the lab after being isolated from natural sources

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4
Q

Synthetic drug

A

Antimicrobial compounds synthesized in the lab through chemical reactions

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5
Q

Narrow spectrum (limited spectrum)

A

Antimicrobials effective against a limited array of microbial types (i.e. against only gram negative microbes)

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6
Q

Broad spectrum (extended spectrum)

A

Antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types (i.e. against gram positive and gram negative microbes)

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7
Q

Which antibacterial drugs block synthesis of peptidoglycan, causing the cell wall to lyse

A

Penicillins and cephalosporins

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8
Q

What works by interfering with mycolic acid synthesis; used to treat infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Isoniazid (INH)

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9
Q

A narrow-spectrum antibacterial drug, most effective in treatment of Staphylococcal infections in cases of penicillin and methicillin resistance or if patient is allergic to penicillin; toxic and hard to administer; restricted use

A

Vancomycin

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10
Q

Which group of antibacterial drugs all contain a highly reactive 3 carbon, 1 nitrogen ring and interfere with the cell wall

A

beta-lactams

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11
Q

Which group of antibacterial drugs interact with phospholipids and cause leakage, particularly in gram-negative bacteria? Where does it cause leakage?

A

Polymyxins; in the cell membrane

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12
Q

What is used to treat drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and severe UTIs, narrow spectrum

A

Polymyxins

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13
Q

Chloroquine

A

binds and cross-links the double helix

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14
Q

Which drugs block synthesis of nucleotides, inhibit replication, or stop transcription, broad spectrum

A

Chloroquine, Fluoroquinolones, and quinolones

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15
Q

Quinolones

A

inhibit DNA helicases, broad spectrum

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16
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

work by binding to DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, broad spectrum

17
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

insert on sites on the 30S subunit and cause misreading of mRNA, block translation, broad spectrum

18
Q

Tetracyclines

A

block attachment of tRNA on the A acceptor site and stop further synthesis, broad spectrum

19
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

blocks peptide bond formation, broad spectrum

20
Q

Eyrthromycin (macrolides)

A

attaches to 50S ribosome, moderate spectrum

21
Q

Which antibacterial drugs interfere with translation (block protein synthesis)?

A

Eyrthromycin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracyclines, and Aminoglycosides

22
Q

Which antibacterial drugs block metabolism? spectrum?

A

Sulfonamides and trimethoprim; narrow

23
Q

Which agents treat fungal infections?

A

Macrolide polyene, Griseofulvin, Synthetic azoles, Flucytosine, and Echinocandins

24
Q

Groups of antiparasitic chemotherapy drugs

A

Antimalarial, antiprotozoan, antihelminthic

25
Q

Antiviral Chemotherapeutic Agents include

A

Nucleotide analogs (Acyclovir, AZT) and protease inhibitors

26
Q

Human-based glycoprotein produced primarily by fibroblasts and leukocytes for viral infections (used to treat?)

A

Interferons, cancers

27
Q

What are some mechanisms of drug resistance?

A
  1. Drug inactivation, 2. Decreased permeability, 3. Activation of drug pumps, 4. Change in drug binding site, 5. Use of alternate metabolic pathways
28
Q

Therapeutic index

A

the ratio of the dose of the drug that is toxic to humans as compared to its minimum effective dose

29
Q

MIC stands for?

A

Minimum inhibitory concentration

30
Q

How would you interpret an MIC result?

A

smallest concentration of drug that visibly inhibits growth

31
Q

Which of the following is a human-based glycoprotein that is used to treat hepatitis C, Karposi’s sarcoma, and genital warts?

A

Interferon

Micro Test 3 (3 decks)

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