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Micro Test 3 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

microbial death

A

Permanent loss of reproductive capability, even under optimum growth conditions

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2
Q

Sterilization

A

The removal or destruction of all viable microbes

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3
Q

Sepsis

A

The growth of microbes in the tissues

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4
Q

Asepsis

A

Techniques that prevent the entry of microbes into sterile tissues

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5
Q

Disinfectant

A

Destruction of vegetative pathogens or inanimate objects

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6
Q

Antiseptic

A

Chemicals applied to body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens

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7
Q

Sanitization

A

Cleansing techniques that remove microbes and debris from inanimate surfaces

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8
Q

Degermination

A

Cleansing techniques that removes microbes and debris from living tissue.

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9
Q

What is the hardest microbe to kill?

A

prions and endospores (of living bacteria)

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10
Q

What is the easiest microbe to kill?

A

viruses with lipid envelopes

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11
Q

moist heat, i.e.

A

lower temperatures and shorter exposure time; coagulation and denaturation of proteins; i.e. steam

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12
Q

dry heat, i.e.

A

moderate to high temperatures; dehydration, alters protein structure; incineration; i.e. oven

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13
Q

What is the most effective at killing microorganisms

A

moist heat

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14
Q

How does heat kill microbes

A

denatures proteins

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15
Q

Thermal death time (TDT)

A

shortest length of time required to kill all test microbes at a specified temperature

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16
Q

Thermal death point (TDP)

A

lowest temperature required to kill all microbes in a sample in 10 minutes

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17
Q

Pasteurization

A

heat is applied to kill potential agents of infection and spoilage without destroying the food flavor or value; NOT STERILIZATION

18
Q

Tyndallization

A

Non-pressurized steam; intermittent sterilization for substances that cannot withstand autoclaving

19
Q

Microbiostatic

A

slows the growth of microbes

20
Q

Lyophilization

A

freeze drying; preservation

21
Q

Desiccation

A

Gradual removal of water from cells, leads to metabolic inhibition

22
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

causes plasmolysis (loss of water from cell due to hypertonic environment) - High salt or sugar concentration is used to help preserve foods

23
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

deep penetrating power that has sufficient energy to cause electrons to leave their orbit, breaks DNA

24
Q

non-ionizing radiation

A

little penetrating power so it must be directly exposed

25
Q

examples of ionizing radiation

A

gamma rays, x-rays, cathode rays

26
Q

examples of non-ionizing radiation

A

UV light

27
Q

How does non-ionizing radiation (UV light) target inside the cell?

A

creates pyrimidine dimers which interferes with replication

28
Q

Filtration

A

Physical removal of microbes by passing a gas or liquid through filter

29
Q

What is filtration used for?

A

To sterilize heat sensitive liquids and air in hospital isolation units and industrial clean rooms

30
Q

High-level germicide

A

Chemical decontamination: kill endospores; may be sterilants

31
Q

Intermediate-level germicide

A

Chemical decontamination: kill fungal spores (not endospores), tubercle bacillus, and viruses

32
Q

Low-level germicide

A

Chemical decontamination: eliminate only vegetative bacteria, vegetative fungal cells, and some viruses

33
Q

Examples of high-level germicides

A

Aldehydes (Formeldehyde and glutaraldehyde) Ethylene oxide gas, plasma

34
Q

Examples of intermediate-level germicide

A

Halogens (Chlorine, Iodine), alcohols (act as surfactants)

35
Q

Examples of low-level germicide

A

Phenolics, Chlorhexadene, Soaps, silver nitrate, dyes, Quaternary ammonia compounds (quats)

36
Q

Oligodynamic action

A

Ability of very small amounts of heavy metals to exert antimicrobial activity

37
Q

Nitrosamines

A

(A carcinogen formed by the combination of nitrite and amino acids) are an increasing concern

38
Q

Which of the following antimicrobials is often required in small amounts and is used to prevent gonorrheal opthalmia neonatorum?

A

Heavy metals

39
Q

Exposure to heat primarily kills/inhibits microbes by which of the following mechanisms?

A

Protein denaturation

40
Q

Which of the following is the best method to sterilize heat-sensitive solutions?

A

Membrane filtration

Micro Test 3 (3 decks)

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