Chapter 12

Question 1

Anal Stage

Answer 1

The psychosexual stage that extends from about 6 months to 3 years of age, during which the child focuses on urination and defecation as means of satisfaction

Question 2

Analysis of Dreams

Answer 2

A psychoanalytic technique that attempts to shed light on unconscious material. Because dreams are regarded as heavily laden with unconscious wishes in symbolic form, the analysis of dreams is believed to provide important clues to these wishes

Question 3

Brief psychotherapy

Answer 3

Psychotherapy of relatively brief duration that has grown in popularity due in large part to the cost-containment measures imposed by health care systems. Many brief therapies have retained a psychodynamic identity

Question 4

Catharsis

Answer 4

The release of psychic energy (achieved by reliving traumatic events) believed by psychoanalysts to have important benefits.

Question 5

Death Instincts (Thanatos)

Answer 5

The innate drives that are responsible for all of the negative or destructive aspects of behavior

Question 6

Defense Mechanism

Answer 6

Strategies used by the ego to stave off threat originating internally, from one’s id or super ego

Question 7

Ego

Answer 7

The organized, rational componenet of the personality. The ego uses perception, learning,planning, and so forth to satisfy the needs of the organism while at the same time preserving its place in the world

Question 8

Ego Anylysis

Answer 8

An alternative to traditional psychoanalysis that is characterized by relative deemphases on the role of the unconscious and the exploration of childhood experience and relative emphasis on the adaptive functions of the the ego, (e.g., perception, learning, memory) and the exploration of contemporary problem in living

Question 9

Fixation

Answer 9

The defense mechanism that occurs when the frustration and anxiety of the next psychosexual stage cause the individual to be arrested at his or her current level of psychosexual development

Question 10

Free Association

Answer 10

A cardinal rule of psychoanalysis in which patient are required to say anything and everything that comes to mind. Over time, it is believed to shed light on unconscious thoughts and urges

Question 11

Genital Stage

Answer 11

The psychosexual stage that follows the onset of adolescence and ideally culminates in mature expression of sexuality

Question 12

Id

Answer 12

The deep, inaccessivle portion of the personality that contains the instinctual urges, The id is without order, logic or moral and operates solely to gratify the instinctual urges

Question 13

Insight

Answer 13

In psychoanalytic psychotherapy, a complete understanding of the unconscious determinants of one’s irrational and problematic thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.

Question 14

Interpersonal Psychotherapy

Answer 14

A breif, insight-oriented therapy that is psychodynamic in tone. IPT has been applied primarily to the treatment of depression and is considered a “well-established” empirically supported treatment (EVT) for this disorder

Question 15

Interpretation

Answer 15

A method in which the psychoanalyst reveals the unconscious meanings of the patient’s thought and behaviors, thus helping the patient to achieve insight. Is the cornerstone of nearly every form of dynamic psychotherapy

Question 16

Latency Stage

Answer 16

The psychosexual stage that extends from about 5 to 12 years of age, during which the child is characterized by a lack of over sexual activity (and perhaps even a negative orientation toward anything sexual)

Question 17

Latent Content

Answer 17

The symbolic meaning of a dream’s events

Question 18

Life Instincts (Eros)

Answer 18

The innate drives that are responsible for all of the positive or constructive aspects of behavior.

Question 19

Manifest Content

Answer 19

What actually happens during a dream

Question 20

Moral Anxiety

Answer 20

Anxiety that arises from the concern that a person will act in a way that conflicts with the standards of his or her conscience

Question 21

Neurotic Anxiety

Answer 21

Anxiety that stems from the fear that a person’s id impulses will be expressed unchecked, thus resulting in trouble

Question 22

Oedipus Complex

Answer 22

The phase in which a child feels sexual attraction for the parent of the opposite sex and feelings of hostility toward the parent of the same sex. The super ego emerges from the resolution of this complex

Question 23

Oral Stage

Answer 23

The psychosexual stage spanning about the first year of life, during which the mouth is the chief source of pleasure and satisfaction

Question 24

Phallic Stage

Answer 24

The psychosexual stage that extends from about 3 to 7 years of age, during which the sexual organs become the primary source of gratification

Question 25

Pleasure Principle

Answer 25

The rule of conduct by which one seeks pleasure and avoids pain. The id operates according to the pleasure principle

Question 26

Primary process

Answer 26

The irrational and impulsive type of thinking that characterizes the id

Question 27

Projection

Answer 27

The defense mechanism that occurs when a person attributes his or her unconscious feelings to someone else.

Question 28

Psychic Determinism

Answer 28

A major assumption of Freudian theory that holds that everything one does has meaning and is goal directed

Question 29

Psychosexual Stages

Answer 29

A series of developmental stages posited by Freud, each of which is marked by the involvement of a particular erogenous zone of the body

Question 30

Reaction Formation

Answer 30

The defense mechanism that occurs when an unconscious impulse is consciously expressed by its behavioral opposite

Question 31

Reality Anxiety

Answer 31

Anxiety that arises from the presence of a real danger in the outside world

Question 32

Reality Principle

Answer 32

The rule of conduct by which one defers the gratification of instinctual urges until a suitable object and mode of satisfaction are discovered. The ego operates according to the reality principle

Question 33

Regression

Answer 33

The defense mechanism that occurs when extensive frustration causes a person to return to a stage that once provided a great deal of gratification

Question 34

Repression

Answer 34

The most basic defense mechanism, serves to keep highly threatening sexual or aggressive material out of conscious awareness, often involuntary.

Question 35

Resistance

Answer 35

Any attempt by the patient to ward off the therapist’s efforts to dissolve his or her neurotic methods for resolving problems. Any client action or behavior that prevents insight or prevents bringing unconscious material into consciousness

Question 36

Secondary Process

Answer 36

The rational and self-preservative type of thinking that characterizes the ego.

Question 37

Superego

Answer 37

The component of the personality that represents the ideals and values of society as they are conveyed to the child through the words and deeds of his or her parents. The role of this is to block unacceptable id impulses and to pressure the ego to serve the ends of morality rather than those of expediency

Question 38

Talking Cure

Answer 38

Discovered by Breuer, the use of techniques that encourage patient talking as a way of addressing and alleviating neurotic symptoms

Question 39

Therapeutic Alliance

Answer 39

The bond between patient and therapist. A strong one is believed to contribute significantly to a positive therapeutic outcome

Question 40

Transference

Answer 40

A key phenomenon is psychoanalytic therapy in which the patient reacts to the therapist as if the therapist represented an important figure from the patient’s past

Question 41

Unconscious

Answer 41

The portion of the mind that is not accessible to awareness

Question 42

Unconscious motivaiton

Answer 42

Motivation that resides outside conscious awareness. Freud posited the existence of this and asserted that it was responsible, in large part, for disturbed behavior

Question 43

Working-through Process

Answer 43

A careful and repeated examination of how one’s conflicts and defense have operated in many areas of one’s life. It is through this process that an insight achieves true, full meaning for the patient.