chapter 12

Question 1

concrete operational

Answer 1

thinking becomes logical and more organized, but only if the object can be perceived (seriation and spatial reasoning)

Question 2

seriation

Answer 2

The ability to order items along a quantitative dimension such as length or weight

Question 3

transitive inference

Answer 3

ability to seriate mentally

Question 4

code switching

Answer 4

producing an utterance in one language containing “guest” words from the other

Question 5

What are the three things that happen to attention in middle childhood?

Answer 5

becomes more selective, flexible, and planful

Question 6

What are 3 memory strategies for middle childhood?

Answer 6

rehearsal, organization, elaboration

Question 7

What is the main difference between whole language and phonics approach to reading?

Answer 7

-whole language: exposed to text in complete form from the beginning

-phonics: rules for translating written symbols into sounds

Question 8

What are the 3 intelligences in Sternberg’s Triarchic theory of successful intelligence? What are the core abilities within each of the intelligences?

Answer 8

-analytical (information processing)

-creative (capacity to solve novel problems)

-practical (application of intellectual skills in everyday situations)

Question 9

Be familiar with Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences and a general example for each

Answer 9

linguistic (poet), bodily-kinesthetic (dancer), interpersonal (therapist), etc.

Question 10

Is IQ contributed to heredity or environmental factors?

Answer 10

both contribute

Question 11

What are the benefits of having a smaller class size for teachers? for students?

Answer 11

-students: greater likelihood of graduating high school, better academic progress

-teachers: spend less time disciplining, spend more time teaching and giving individual attention

Question 12

What are the main differences between the educational philosophies (Traditional vs. Constructivist)

Answer 12

-traditional: teacher is sole authority for knowledge, students are passive

-constructivist: encourages students to construct their own knowledge, teacher guides and supports

Question 13

What are the factors that affect educational quality?

Answer 13

-societal values

-school resources

-quality of teaching

-parental support

Question 14

Where does the US rank on average math scores (high, intermediate or low?)

Answer 14

at/below average