Chapter 12

Question 1

Formula for variance

Answer 1

Sd squared

Question 2

What is ANOVA used for

Answer 2

examine differences in sample means amoung 3 or more groups

Question 3

ANOVA tests the relationship significance between

Answer 3

an independent variable with at least 3 categories (of nominal or ordinal display) and a dependent variable (of interval-ration display)

Question 4

ANOVA question

Answer 4

are the differences between the sample large enough to reject the null hypothesis

Question 5

State the null hypothesis for ANOVA

Answer 5

H0: U1=U2-U3…

Question 6

If the null hypothesis for ANOVA is true

Answer 6

the sample mean should be close to the same value

Question 7

If the null hypothesis is false

Answer 7

there should be a huge difference in sample means

Question 8

What is the ANOVA test statistic called

Answer 8

F ratio

Question 9

What does the F ratio represent

Answer 9

Estimate of the amount of variation between
categories of the independent variable
—————————————————————–
Estimate of the amount of variation within each of the categories of the independent variable

Question 10

SST and what it means

Answer 10

total sum of squares
the grand mean

Question 11

SSW

Answer 11

Sum of squares within

Question 12

SSB

Answer 12

sum of squares between

Question 13

SST

Answer 13

total variation of the scores

Question 14

Why do we standardize the cases and how

Answer 14

because the number of cases may not be equal

It’s done by dividing SSW and SSB by their corresponding degrees of freedom

Question 15

What does a high F ratio mean

Answer 15

we are more likely to reject the null hypothesis

Question 16

Step 1 for ANOVA (4)

Answer 16

-independent random sample
-Interval-Ratio dependent variable
-population normally distributed
-population variances are equal

Question 17

State H1

Answer 17

at least one of the sections has a different mean score in the population

Question 18

What tail is ANOVA

Answer 18

one-tailed test

Question 19

DFW on F-score

Answer 19

Look up and down

Question 20

DFB on F-score

Answer 20

look back and forth

Question 21

When does the test statistic of an ANOVA not fall in the critical range

Answer 21

when the F (obtained) is smaller then the F (critical)

Question 22

When do we fail to reject the null hypothesis (accept it)

Answer 22

when the test statistic doesn’t fall into the critical region

Question 23

x̄= for ANOVA

Answer 23

grand mean

Question 24

What does the H1 not explain

Answer 24

Doesn’t say which part or how many are different

Question 25

What is eta squared similar to and what is the symbol

Answer 25

like Cohen’s d

N squared

Question 26

What does Eta squared explain

Answer 26

It’s a measure of effect size (a value of 0.06 is a small effect and means it is not statistically significant)

Question 27

What is a post-hoc test examine

Answer 27

which categories are significantly different from each other