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Chapter 12 + 17 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the original form of government(1st constitution)?

A

Articles of confederation-1777

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2
Q

What was wrong with the Articles of Confederation?

A

National central government had little power

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3
Q

What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 do?

A

1) Section off territory
2) Sold land-speculators/people
3) Est. Provisions for statehood
4) Prohibited slavery

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4
Q

What states came out of the Northwest ordinance?

A

Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Kentucky, Tennessee

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5
Q

What was the group Hamilton formed called?

A

Nationalists/Federalists

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6
Q

What was the group formed by Jefferson called?

A

Jeffersonians/Democratic-Republicans

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7
Q

What was Washington’s greatest contribution?

A

Neutrality-“isolationism”(keeping out of foreign affairs)

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8
Q

What was Thomas Jefferson’s greatest contribution?

A

Louisiana Purchase-1803

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9
Q

Who was sent on an expedition by Thomas Jefferson?(1804-1806)

A

Merriweather Lewis and William Clark

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10
Q

What was the group that went with Lewis and Clark called?

A

Corps of Discovery(33 men)

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11
Q

What was the purpose of Lewis and Clark’s expedition

A

1) Find all water route across continent
2) Explore and map out land acquired
3) Trade with Indians

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12
Q

What was the major result of the Lewis and Clark expedition.

A

Opened west to American settlers

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13
Q

Who was president during the war of 1812?

A

James Madison

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14
Q

What was the war of 1812 also called?

A

Second war for independence

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15
Q

What caused the war of 1812?

A

1) British attempts to restrict the US of free trade
2) British impressments(forced service) of US sailors in British navy
3) US desire to take Canada
4) Expansion west

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16
Q

What was the group that wanted war with British?

A

War Hawks

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17
Q

Who led the War Hawks?

A

Henry Clay

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18
Q

Who led US forces and won the the Battle of Tippicanoe?

A

William Henry Harrison

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19
Q

Who was the Hero of the Battle of New Orleans

A

Andrew Jackson

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20
Q

Who wrote the star spangled banner?

A

Francis Scott Key

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21
Q

At what Battle was the “Star Spangled Banner” inspired?

A

Battle of Fort Henry

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22
Q

What is the name of the oldest commissioned ship on the world?

A

USS Constitution(Old Ironsides)

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23
Q

What ended the war of 1812?

A

Treaty of Ghent(Christmas eve 1814)

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24
Q

What were results of the War of 1812?

A

1) US capital city (DC) burnt by British
2) Boosted US confidence in themselves
3) Fostered new spirit of Patriotism in country
4) Created “Manifest Destiny”

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25
Who coined the term “Manifest Destiny”
John O’Sullivan
26
What does Manifest Destiny mean?
America had a God given right to spread over entire continent?
27
In the 1800’s, what 4 countries claimed Oregon?
US, Russia, Spain, Britain
28
What were Mountain Men?
Fur trappers that spent most of the year in the mountains
29
Who was the most well known Mountain men and the first to California?
Jedediah Smith
30
Who was the rich Mountain man that started Furrier Co.?
John Jacob Astor
31
What is a Rendezvous?
A 2 week gathering of Mountain Men nace a year in late summer to sell, trade, tell stories, and contests
32
What group of people went west after Mountain Men?
Missionaries
33
What trail went from Missouri to Oregon?
Oregon trail
34
Why were the Native Americans not thrilled about Manifest Destiny?
1) land stolen 2) Buffalo destroyed 3) Disease
35
Why did the pioneers go west?
1) Land 2) Opportunity 3) Adventure 4) Gold
36
What were pioneers?
Pilots that led wagon trains west(ex. Mountain men)
37
Who was the dark horse that won the 1844 presidential election?
James K. Polk
38
Who organized a group of Americans to go to Texas?
Moses Austin
39
Who was president of Mexico in the 1830’s?
Gen. Antonio López de Santa Anna
40
What was the first fight for tejanos independence?
Battle of Gonzales-City of San Antonio-Fort Alamo
41
Who commanded at the Battle of Alamo?
William Travis
42
What were results from the Battle of Alamo?
1) Gave Gen. Sam Houston(army) time to prepare | 2) Gave Texans motivational rally cry- turning point (remember the Alamo)
43
What happens at the Battle of Jacinto?
Sam Houston defeats Santa Anna-Texas gains independence
44
On what year did Texas become annexed?
1845
45
What was the Santa Fe trail?
An important trade route between US and Mexico
46
Who opened the Santa Fe route?
William Becknell(1821)
47
What was the mail and newspaper service to the west?
Pony Express
48
Who founded the Pony Express?
William Russell
49
Who was one of the first Americans to describe the beauty of California?
Captain John C. Fremont
50
What caused the Mexican American war?
Dispute over Texas border and American troops crossing the Rio Grande into Mexico
51
Who wrote about spot revolutions against the Mexican American war?
Abraham Linlcon
52
Who thought the Mexican American war was immoral?
Henry T.
53
Who was called “Old Rough and Ready”
Zachary Tayler(Battle of Buena Vista)
54
Who was called “Old Fuss and Feathers”
Winfield Scott(Battle of Vera Cruz)
55
Who was called “The Long Marcher”
Stephen Kearny
56
What was the name of California’s country(1 week)?
Bear Flag Republic
57
What was the name of Texas’ country(9 months)?
Lone Star Republic
58
When did Santa Anna surrender ending the war?
Sept. 1847
59
What Treaty was signed because of the Mexican American war?
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo(1848)
60
What are the results of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
1) US received Mexican Cession(California, Utah, Nevada, New Mexico) 2) Us paid Mexico 15 mil. dollars 1853-Gadsden Purchase-10 mil. dollars
61
What is another name for the Church of Jesus Christ Latter-day Saints?
Mormons
62
Who founded the Mormons?
Joseph Smith
63
Why did the Mormons move west?
Escape persecution
64
Why did the Mormons settle in the desert?
No one will bother them
65
What was the Mormon settlement called?
Deseret(Honey bee)
66
What year did Utah become a state?
1896
67
Who discovered gold in California 1848?
James Marshall
68
What were gold seekers called?
49ers
69
Who was California’s first millionaire?
Samuel Brannan
70
Who sold blue denim miner pants.
Levis Strauss
71
What were towns that rose up over night called?
Boomtowns
72
What are Vigilantes?
When people can take the law into their own hands(police, judge, jury and executioner)
73
By what year was the gold rush over?
1852
74
What are results of the California gold rush?
1) California’s population sky rocketed and becomes a state 2) Brings diversity to California 3) Transcontinental railroad built to connect east and west 4) San Francisco becomes a major city 5) 10,000 Native Americans killed and enslaved
75
Major results of Manifest Destiny?
1) US greatly expanded 2) Gave Americans sense of pride and unity 3) Displacement of Native Americans 4) US stole half of Mexico
76
Who was an American Naval Officer on the Lake Erie?
Oliver Hazard Perry
77
Who commanded a weak American fleet near Plattsburgh on sept. 11, 1814?
Thomas Macdonough
78
Who acted as a mediator in the War of 1812 to call for a Treaty?
Tsar Alexander I of Russia
79
What was the group meeting of Treacherous Federalist?
Hartford Convention
80
What severely limited naval armament on the Great Lakes between the US and Britain?
The Rush-Bagot agreement(1817)
81
Who created the American System?
Henry Clay
82
What created the term the “Era of good feelings”?
President James Monroe being welcomed in Federalist New England
83
What was the Panic of 1819?
It brought deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank failures, unemployment, soup kitchens, and overcrowded pesthouses known as debtors prison
84
What did the Missouri Compromise do?
Area north of the 36 30’, except Missouri, is prohibited to have slaves
85
Who was the judge that bolster the power of the federal government?
John Marshall
86
Who was able to successfully make the Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819 with Spain after Andrew Jackson attacked Florida in 1818 without permission?
John Quincy Adams
87
Who was the British foreign secretary that proposed to unite the US and Britain in a joint declaration to to renounce any interest in acquiring Latin America?
George Canning
88
What was the two basic features of the Monroe Doctrine?
1) non-colonization | 2) nonintervention
89
What could the Monroe Doctrine also be called?
The self-defense doctrine
90
Who died only 4 weeks after taking office in 1841?
William Henry Harrison
91
Who took office after President Harrison?
John Tyler
92
What were the issues between President Tyler and the Whig party over?
Banking and tariff policy
93
Between who did the “Aroostook War” involve and over what?
American and Canadian lumberjacks over the Northern Maine Boundary
94
During the early 1840’s, how did Texas maintain independence?
Establishing friendly relations with Britain and other European powers
95
What was Texas’ annexation a result of?
President Tyler’s interpretation of the 1844 election as a mandate
96
Britain lost out in dispute of the Oregon territory for what reason?
The rapidly growing number of American settlers overwhelming the small British population
97
Why did Henry Clay lose the 1844 election to James K. Polk?
His attempt to straddle Texas annexation issue lost votes of anti slavery Liberty party
98
What was the final result of the conflict over the Oregon country.
Compromise over the forty ninth parallel
99
The main military campaign that captured Mexico City was commanded by who?
Winfield Scott
100
What was a major consequences of the Mexican American War.
The issue of slavery
101
Who wrote a resolution forbidding slavery in the territory acquired from Mexico?
David Wilmot
102
Who negotiated the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
Nicholas Trist

History (6 decks)

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