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History > Chapter 12 + 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 + 17 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the original form of government(1st constitution)?

A

Articles of confederation-1777

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2
Q

What was wrong with the Articles of Confederation?

A

National central government had little power

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3
Q

What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 do?

A

1) Section off territory
2) Sold land-speculators/people
3) Est. Provisions for statehood
4) Prohibited slavery

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4
Q

What states came out of the Northwest ordinance?

A

Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Kentucky, Tennessee

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5
Q

What was the group Hamilton formed called?

A

Nationalists/Federalists

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6
Q

What was the group formed by Jefferson called?

A

Jeffersonians/Democratic-Republicans

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7
Q

What was Washington’s greatest contribution?

A

Neutrality-“isolationism”(keeping out of foreign affairs)

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8
Q

What was Thomas Jefferson’s greatest contribution?

A

Louisiana Purchase-1803

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9
Q

Who was sent on an expedition by Thomas Jefferson?(1804-1806)

A

Merriweather Lewis and William Clark

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10
Q

What was the group that went with Lewis and Clark called?

A

Corps of Discovery(33 men)

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11
Q

What was the purpose of Lewis and Clark’s expedition

A

1) Find all water route across continent
2) Explore and map out land acquired
3) Trade with Indians

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12
Q

What was the major result of the Lewis and Clark expedition.

A

Opened west to American settlers

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13
Q

Who was president during the war of 1812?

A

James Madison

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14
Q

What was the war of 1812 also called?

A

Second war for independence

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15
Q

What caused the war of 1812?

A

1) British attempts to restrict the US of free trade
2) British impressments(forced service) of US sailors in British navy
3) US desire to take Canada
4) Expansion west

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16
Q

What was the group that wanted war with British?

A

War Hawks

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17
Q

Who led the War Hawks?

A

Henry Clay

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18
Q

Who led US forces and won the the Battle of Tippicanoe?

A

William Henry Harrison

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19
Q

Who was the Hero of the Battle of New Orleans

A

Andrew Jackson

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20
Q

Who wrote the star spangled banner?

A

Francis Scott Key

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21
Q

At what Battle was the “Star Spangled Banner” inspired?

A

Battle of Fort Henry

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22
Q

What is the name of the oldest commissioned ship on the world?

A

USS Constitution(Old Ironsides)

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23
Q

What ended the war of 1812?

A

Treaty of Ghent(Christmas eve 1814)

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24
Q

What were results of the War of 1812?

A

1) US capital city (DC) burnt by British
2) Boosted US confidence in themselves
3) Fostered new spirit of Patriotism in country
4) Created “Manifest Destiny”

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25
Q

Who coined the term “Manifest Destiny”

A

John O’Sullivan

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26
Q

What does Manifest Destiny mean?

A

America had a God given right to spread over entire continent?

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27
Q

In the 1800’s, what 4 countries claimed Oregon?

A

US, Russia, Spain, Britain

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28
Q

What were Mountain Men?

A

Fur trappers that spent most of the year in the mountains

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29
Q

Who was the most well known Mountain men and the first to California?

A

Jedediah Smith

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30
Q

Who was the rich Mountain man that started Furrier Co.?

A

John Jacob Astor

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31
Q

What is a Rendezvous?

A

A 2 week gathering of Mountain Men nace a year in late summer to sell, trade, tell stories, and contests

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32
Q

What group of people went west after Mountain Men?

A

Missionaries

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33
Q

What trail went from Missouri to Oregon?

A

Oregon trail

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34
Q

Why were the Native Americans not thrilled about Manifest Destiny?

A

1) land stolen
2) Buffalo destroyed
3) Disease

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35
Q

Why did the pioneers go west?

A

1) Land
2) Opportunity
3) Adventure
4) Gold

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36
Q

What were pioneers?

A

Pilots that led wagon trains west(ex. Mountain men)

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37
Q

Who was the dark horse that won the 1844 presidential election?

A

James K. Polk

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38
Q

Who organized a group of Americans to go to Texas?

A

Moses Austin

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39
Q

Who was president of Mexico in the 1830’s?

A

Gen. Antonio López de Santa Anna

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40
Q

What was the first fight for tejanos independence?

A

Battle of Gonzales-City of San Antonio-Fort Alamo

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41
Q

Who commanded at the Battle of Alamo?

A

William Travis

42
Q

What were results from the Battle of Alamo?

A

1) Gave Gen. Sam Houston(army) time to prepare

2) Gave Texans motivational rally cry- turning point (remember the Alamo)

43
Q

What happens at the Battle of Jacinto?

A

Sam Houston defeats Santa Anna-Texas gains independence

44
Q

On what year did Texas become annexed?

A

1845

45
Q

What was the Santa Fe trail?

A

An important trade route between US and Mexico

46
Q

Who opened the Santa Fe route?

A

William Becknell(1821)

47
Q

What was the mail and newspaper service to the west?

A

Pony Express

48
Q

Who founded the Pony Express?

A

William Russell

49
Q

Who was one of the first Americans to describe the beauty of California?

A

Captain John C. Fremont

50
Q

What caused the Mexican American war?

A

Dispute over Texas border and American troops crossing the Rio Grande into Mexico

51
Q

Who wrote about spot revolutions against the Mexican American war?

A

Abraham Linlcon

52
Q

Who thought the Mexican American war was immoral?

A

Henry T.

53
Q

Who was called “Old Rough and Ready”

A

Zachary Tayler(Battle of Buena Vista)

54
Q

Who was called “Old Fuss and Feathers”

A

Winfield Scott(Battle of Vera Cruz)

55
Q

Who was called “The Long Marcher”

A

Stephen Kearny

56
Q

What was the name of California’s country(1 week)?

A

Bear Flag Republic

57
Q

What was the name of Texas’ country(9 months)?

A

Lone Star Republic

58
Q

When did Santa Anna surrender ending the war?

A

Sept. 1847

59
Q

What Treaty was signed because of the Mexican American war?

A

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo(1848)

60
Q

What are the results of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

A

1) US received Mexican Cession(California, Utah, Nevada, New Mexico)
2) Us paid Mexico 15 mil. dollars
1853-Gadsden Purchase-10 mil. dollars

61
Q

What is another name for the Church of Jesus Christ Latter-day Saints?

A

Mormons

62
Q

Who founded the Mormons?

A

Joseph Smith

63
Q

Why did the Mormons move west?

A

Escape persecution

64
Q

Why did the Mormons settle in the desert?

A

No one will bother them

65
Q

What was the Mormon settlement called?

A

Deseret(Honey bee)

66
Q

What year did Utah become a state?

A

1896

67
Q

Who discovered gold in California 1848?

A

James Marshall

68
Q

What were gold seekers called?

A

49ers

69
Q

Who was California’s first millionaire?

A

Samuel Brannan

70
Q

Who sold blue denim miner pants.

A

Levis Strauss

71
Q

What were towns that rose up over night called?

A

Boomtowns

72
Q

What are Vigilantes?

A

When people can take the law into their own hands(police, judge, jury and executioner)

73
Q

By what year was the gold rush over?

A

1852

74
Q

What are results of the California gold rush?

A

1) California’s population sky rocketed and becomes a state
2) Brings diversity to California
3) Transcontinental railroad built to connect east and west
4) San Francisco becomes a major city
5) 10,000 Native Americans killed and enslaved

75
Q

Major results of Manifest Destiny?

A

1) US greatly expanded
2) Gave Americans sense of pride and unity
3) Displacement of Native Americans
4) US stole half of Mexico

76
Q

Who was an American Naval Officer on the Lake Erie?

A

Oliver Hazard Perry

77
Q

Who commanded a weak American fleet near Plattsburgh on sept. 11, 1814?

A

Thomas Macdonough

78
Q

Who acted as a mediator in the War of 1812 to call for a Treaty?

A

Tsar Alexander I of Russia

79
Q

What was the group meeting of Treacherous Federalist?

A

Hartford Convention

80
Q

What severely limited naval armament on the Great Lakes between the US and Britain?

A

The Rush-Bagot agreement(1817)

81
Q

Who created the American System?

A

Henry Clay

82
Q

What created the term the “Era of good feelings”?

A

President James Monroe being welcomed in Federalist New England

83
Q

What was the Panic of 1819?

A

It brought deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank failures, unemployment, soup kitchens, and overcrowded pesthouses known as debtors prison

84
Q

What did the Missouri Compromise do?

A

Area north of the 36 30’, except Missouri, is prohibited to have slaves

85
Q

Who was the judge that bolster the power of the federal government?

A

John Marshall

86
Q

Who was able to successfully make the Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819 with Spain after Andrew Jackson attacked Florida in 1818 without permission?

A

John Quincy Adams

87
Q

Who was the British foreign secretary that proposed to unite the US and Britain in a joint declaration to to renounce any interest in acquiring Latin America?

A

George Canning

88
Q

What was the two basic features of the Monroe Doctrine?

A

1) non-colonization

2) nonintervention

89
Q

What could the Monroe Doctrine also be called?

A

The self-defense doctrine

90
Q

Who died only 4 weeks after taking office in 1841?

A

William Henry Harrison

91
Q

Who took office after President Harrison?

A

John Tyler

92
Q

What were the issues between President Tyler and the Whig party over?

A

Banking and tariff policy

93
Q

Between who did the “Aroostook War” involve and over what?

A

American and Canadian lumberjacks over the Northern Maine Boundary

94
Q

During the early 1840’s, how did Texas maintain independence?

A

Establishing friendly relations with Britain and other European powers

95
Q

What was Texas’ annexation a result of?

A

President Tyler’s interpretation of the 1844 election as a mandate

96
Q

Britain lost out in dispute of the Oregon territory for what reason?

A

The rapidly growing number of American settlers overwhelming the small British population

97
Q

Why did Henry Clay lose the 1844 election to James K. Polk?

A

His attempt to straddle Texas annexation issue lost votes of anti slavery Liberty party

98
Q

What was the final result of the conflict over the Oregon country.

A

Compromise over the forty ninth parallel

99
Q

The main military campaign that captured Mexico City was commanded by who?

A

Winfield Scott

100
Q

What was a major consequences of the Mexican American War.

A

The issue of slavery

101
Q

Who wrote a resolution forbidding slavery in the territory acquired from Mexico?

A

David Wilmot

102
Q

Who negotiated the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

A

Nicholas Trist

History (6 decks)

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