chapter 12

Question 1

stress definition

Answer 1

the body’s reaction to a change that requires physical, mental or emotional adjustment or response

Question 2

4 models of stress

Answer 2

• General Adaptation Syndrome
• Transactional Model of Stress & Coping
• Conservation of Resources
• Job Demands-Resources

Question 3

general adaptation syndrome & steps

Answer 3

• predicts that when confronted with a threat, an individual’s body responds instinctively via the fight or flight response
  1. alarm stage
  2. resistance stage
  3. exhaustion stage

Question 4

transactional model of stress and coping

Answer 4

• says that stress does not come from the event itself
• says that stress comes from one’s appraisal of what the event means and whether it’s threatening - along with one’s evaluation of what resources are available to react to the event
• views stress as a process

Question 5

primary appraisal

Answer 5

based on the significant influence on our well being (irrelevant, benign/ positive or stressful)

Question 6

secondary appraisal

Answer 6

concerned with the evaluation of whether the person has the resources to successfully face the demands of the situation

Question 7

conservation of resources theory

Answer 7

• says that individuals seek to acquire and maintain resources in order to accommodate, withstand or overcome potential threats
  eg. home, clothing, self esteem

Question 8

job demand control model theory

Answer 8

• focuses stress and stress factors in the work environment (labor intensity) and health promotion in the workplace
• says that strains arise from mismatches between job demands and job resources available to an employee

Question 9

challenge stressors

Answer 9

job demands that are developmental and positively related to work engagement
eg. role demands, time urgency, workload

Question 10

hindrance stressors

Answer 10

job demands that are negatively linked to work engagement
eg. job constraints, organizational politics

Question 11

antecedents of stress

Answer 11

1. role demands - employees have a variety of roles they are expected to fulfill on the job
2. information overload -
3. work life trade off
4. interpersonal challenges - conflicts with others eg. workplace bullying
5. evaluation apprehension

Question 12

consequences of stress

Answer 12

1. physiological
2. psychological
3. behavioral

Question 13

physiological consequences of stress

Answer 13

increased heart rate, skin problems, physical aches & pains

Question 14

psychological consequences of stress

Answer 14

depression, anxiety, rumation, burnout

Question 15

behavioral consequences of stress

Answer 15

stress and burnout can lead to:
- deceased performance
- increased withdrawal
- alcohol and drug abuse

Question 16

individual approaches to stress management

Answer 16

• diet
• exercise
• sleep
• time management
• social support

Question 17

organizational approaches to stress management

Answer 17

• create healthy work environments
• flexible work arrangements
• recovery opportunities
• employee resource programs

Question 18

workplace safety

Answer 18

objective:
- number of accidents
- workers compensation claims
subjective
- self or other reports of safety behavior and practices

Question 19

safety behavior

Answer 19

safety compliance: performing core safety behaviors such as following rules and using safety equipment
safety participation: supporting coworkers and safety norms within the organization