Chapter 12

Question 1

Transporters have moving parts that can..

Answer 1

change shape to shift molecules from one side of membrane to other

Question 2

Channel Protiens form..

Answer 2

tiny pores so solutes can pass through

Question 3

what is it called when solutes pass through tiny pores

Answer 3

simple diffusion

Question 4

A molecules ability to diffuse through, depends on what

Answer 4

1.size
2.polarity
3.hydrophobicity

Question 5

How do molecules that cant diffuse pass through the plasma membrane?

Answer 5

with a transport protein

Question 6

what ratio of small, non-polar molecules pass through a membrane?

Answer 6

Most, but not some.

Question 7

what ratio of larger, uncharged polar molecules pass through a membrane?

Answer 7

some, but not most

Question 8

what ratio of small, uncharged polar molecules pass through a membrane?

Answer 8

some, and not some. fairly even amount

Question 9

what ratio of IONS pass through a membrane?

Answer 9

none pass through.

Question 10

What are some examples of small, non-polar molecules that can pass through a membrane?

Answer 10

O2, CO2, N2, Steroid Hormones

Question 11

What are some examples of small, uncharged molecules that can pass through a membrane?

Answer 11

H2O, ethanol, glycerol

Question 12

What are examples of IONS that can’t pass through a membrane?

Answer 12

H+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ Cl-, Mg2+, HCO3-

Question 13

What are some examples of larger, uncharged polar molecules that can pass through a membrane?

Answer 13

Amino Acids, Glucose, Nucleosides

Question 14

What are the 2 types of transport proteins?

Answer 14

1. Transporters
2. Channel Proteins

Question 15

What do “transporters” transport

Answer 15

they only transport solutes (water-soluble molecules) that bind to their binding sites with high specificity

Question 16

What does the binding of ions to the binding sites of transporters, do (to make it transport that ion)

Answer 16

The binding of the ion to the binding site of that transporter; changes the protein’s conformation, which transports the ion

Question 17

ion binding to the binding site of that transporter; changes the protein’s conformation,
which transports the ion;

in one of two ways. What are they?

Answer 17

1. Passive Transport
2. Active Transport

Question 18

What is Passive Transport?

Answer 18

when a solute travels from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration. No energy is required

Question 19

What is Active Transport?

Answer 19

When a solute travels from an area of low concentration to one of a high concentration. Energy is required for this

Question 20

What are the 3 types of transporters (based on amt of subs)

Answer 20

1. Uniport
   2.Symport
   3.Antiport

Question 21

Define the Uniport Transporter

Answer 21

Uniport transporters only transport 1 substance

Question 22

Define the Antiport Transporter

Answer 22

Antiport transporters, transport 2 substances, in oposite directions

Question 23

Define Symport Transporters

Answer 23

Antiport transporters, transport 2 substances, both in the same direction

Question 24

The flow of ion movement depends on what

Answer 24

The electrochemical gradient

Question 25

The electrochemical gradient is in regard to what?

Answer 25

Both the concentration differences/gradient and the charge(voltage) differences/gradient

Question 26

What are protein channels and what do they transport?

Answer 26

Protein channels are membrane proteins that selectively transport inorganic ions (such as Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+, etc.)

Question 27

What are the 3 types of gated channels?

Answer 27

1. Volatge-Gated
2. Ligand-Gated
3. Mechanically-Gated

Question 28

What does a Voltage-Gated channel transport ions in response to?

Answer 28

They open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential

Question 29

What does a Ligand-Gated channel transport ions in response to?

Answer 29

They open and close in response to the binding of other molecules

Question 30

What does a Mechanically-Gated channel transport ions in response to?

Answer 30

they open and close in response to mechanical stimulation

Question 31

What is a membrane potential?

Answer 31

When there is electrical differences between the inside and outside of the cell