Chapter 12 Flashcards
Influencing, motivating, and enabling others to contribute toward the effectiveness of the organization of which they are members is ______.
leadership
Luis is a machine programmer who recognizes that in his company there are frontline employees who informally assume leadership responsibilities in a variety of ways. The company is using a(n) ______ leadership model.
shared
The leadership perspective that views leaders as agents of change who create, communicate, and model a shared vision and inspire followers to achieve it is ______ leadership.
transformational
Why is developing a strategic vision a core element of transformational leadership?
It energizes people.
It unifies employees.
Effective transformational leaders communicate strategic visions to followers and other stakeholders ______.
through symbols, metaphors, and stories
The best definition of leadership is the ability to ______.
influence, motivate, and enable others
Modeling the strategic vision is important to transformational leadership because it ______.
builds trust in the leader
demonstrates what the vision looks like in practice
Which of the following are characteristics of shared leadership?
The view that leaders should not try to perform all leadership tasks
Employees leading one another
Transformational leaders are those who act as change agents by inspiring others to achieve through ______.
modeling a shared vision
creating a shared vision for the organization
communicating a shared vision
A transformational leader would be most likely to ______.
encourage experimentation
The element of transformational leadership that represents a positive image or model of the future that energizes and unifies employees is ______.
the strategic vision
An important way leaders build commitment to the strategic vision is to ______.
involve employees in the process of shaping the vision
Successful transformational leaders create meaning and motivation surrounding their strategic vision by choosing phrases that ______ the vision.
frame
Transformational leaders motivate followers by persuading and earning trust, whereas charismatic leaders motivate followers through the leader’s inherent ______ power.
referent
The CEO personally meets with customers and employees to learn what they need and then makes sure they get it. These actions are consistent with the strategic vision of the company and build trust. This is an example of which element of the transformational leadership model?
Modeling the vision
Research has shown that transformational leaders make a difference because employees ______.
have greater affective organizational commitment
Luis is a machine programmer who recognizes that in his company there are frontline employees who informally assume leadership responsibilities in a variety of ways. The company is using a(n) ______ leadership model.
shared
Among the challenges faced by transformational leadership is that leadership ______.
may not apply to all contexts and situations
Transformational leaders support a learning orientation by ______.
encouraging employees to question current practices
viewing reasonable mistakes as a part of the learning process
encouraging experimentation
The CEO of XCorp, a fuel oil company, has involved employees at all levels in developing a new vision, logo, and brand image for the company representing its commitment to alternative fuels. She has consistently made decisions that support investing in new energy technologies, which have generated excitement and motivated the company’s employees and board of directors. The CEO of XCorp is ______.
building commitment to her strategic vision
The leadership style that focuses on improving employee performance and well-being in the current situation rather than moving the group in a new direction is ___ leadership.
managerial
Which statements about charismatic leadership and transformational leadership are true?
Charismatic leaders are not necessarily transformational.
Transformational leaders are not necessarily charismatic.
Charismatic leaders may increase follower motivation.
Research has shown that under transformational leaders employees ______.
perform their jobs better
make more creative decisions
Which of these best describes the relationship between managerial and transformational leadership?
Interdependent
A concern with transformational leadership is that recent research shows it ______.
is defined and measured by its effect on employees rather than by leadership behaviors
is more appropriate in organizations that need to continuously adapt
A transformational leader would be most likely to ______.
encourage experimentation
The researchers who investigated the behaviors that make leaders effective suggest that there are which two types of leadership behaviors?
Task oriented and people oriented
Which of the following is associated with managerial leadership?
Focused on the current situation
______ leadership encourages others to fulfill their needs and potential for personal development and growth.
Servant
Leaders with a natural desire, or “calling,” to help others in their personal growth are known as ______ leaders.
servant
Managerial leadership depends on ______ leadership to set the right direction, while transformational leadership depends on ______ leadership to produce operational excellence.
transformational; managerial
The theory of leadership based on the idea that effective leaders provide the information, support, and resources employees need to achieve goals and receive valued rewards is ______ leadership.
path-goal
Among the challenges faced by transformational leadership is that leadership ______.
may not apply to all contexts and situations
Sunny has just explained to her employees that they have a new, challenging sales goal for their region next month. She is very confident they can reach it if they all work at the high level she knows they can since they have done it before. Sunny is using which style of path-goal leadership?
Achievement-oriented style
Leaders who focus on clarifying tasks and setting goals are task-oriented leaders, while those who are concerned with asking employees’ opinions and considering their needs are ______-oriented leaders.
people
Leaders who are described as selfless, egalitarian, nurturing, and ethical are ______ leaders.
servant
The contingencies that make a leadership style effective in some situations but not others include ______ contingencies. (Check all that apply.)
environmental
employee
The features of servant leadership include ______. (Check all that apply)
decisions and actions anchored in ethical principles
relationships with others that are egalitarian and accepting
The theory of leadership that has its roots in the expectancy theory of motivation because leaders create paths to effective performance and rewards for their employees is ______.
path-goal theory
What is a limitation of path-goal theory?
Limited research support for several contingencies
Directive style
Task orientated. Similar to task-oriented style, which clarifies goals, standards, rewards, and punishments
Supportive style
people-orientated. Similar to people-oriented style, which is friendly, approachable, and respectful and provides social support in stressful situations
Participative style
employee involvement. Involves employees in the decision-making process
Achievement-oriented style
employees reach peak performance. Sets challenging goals, continuously seeks improvement in performance, and shows high level of confidence in employees
A self-managed work team that hires, trains, and monitors the performance of its members without a manager is an example of ______ theory.
leadership substitutes
A contingency that works best for employees who believe that they have control over their work environment and prefer a participative leadership style is ______.
locus of control
Research on leadership substitutes theory shows that managers are ______.
still crucial
What are limitations of path-goal theory?
It includes contingencies and leadership styles that have not been investigated.
It may become too complex for practical use as it expands.
It assumes that effective leaders can fluidly adapt their behavior and managerial styles.
The theory that there are contingencies such as experience and reward systems that limit a leader’s ability to influence employees or make leadership unnecessary is ______ theory.
leadership substitutes
The idea that leaders meet preconceived ideas of features and behaviors of leaders that form prototypes is part of the ______.
implicit leadership perspective
The election of Barack Obama to the office of President of the United States changed the leadership ______ of many people in this country.
prototypes
Research on leadership substitute theory is mixed, but we can conclude that leadership substitutes ______.
may reduce the need for leaders but don’t completely replace them
The idea that most people want to believe that leaders make a difference is known as ______.
the romance of leadership
The theory that people evaluate the effectiveness of a leader based on their own preconceived perceptions of a leader’s characteristics and the illusion of control attributed to those in leadership positions is known as the ______ leadership perspective.
implicit
True or false: Leadership competencies include a positive self-concept and high levels of emotional intelligence.
True. High self-esteem, an internal locus of control, and the ability to regulate emotions in themselves and others are needed to be a competent leader.
Everyone’s preconceived beliefs about the characteristics and behaviors of effective leaders are known as ______.
leadership prototypes
The strongest predictors of effective leadership are ______.
high levels of extroversion and conscientiousness
Which of the following are factors that authentic leaders need to be aware of and act consistently with?
Self-concept
Personality
Values
The reasons that the “romance of leadership” exists include ______.
that it enables us to explain successes and failures in terms of a leader’s ability
the tendency of people to believe that events result from the rational acts of leaders
The competency-based perspective of leadership is limited because ______.
it views it as internal to a person, but it actually depends on favorable relations with followers
Recent research has identified that leaders possess certain skills, aptitudes, knowledge and personal characteristics that ______.
lead to superior performance
Self concept
positive self eval. Positive evaluation of ability to reach objectives
Drive
inner motivation. Motivation to achieve goals
knowledge of the business
Understanding of the business and its environment
Personality
High levels of extroversion
The view that effective leaders are aware of, feel comfortable with, and act consistently with their values, personality, and self-concept is the definition of ______ leadership.
authentic
Employees in countries with high power distance cultures, such as Mexican culture, ______.
are less likely to see participative leadership as effective
What are the limitations of the leadership attributes perspective?
It does not take into account that alternative combinations of attributes may be equally successful.
It views leadership as something within a person instead of something that is relational.
It assumes that all effective leaders have the same personal characteristics that are equally important in all situations.
Studies have found that male and female leaders do not differ in their levels of task-oriented or people-oriented leadership. An explanation for this is that ______.
real-world jobs require similar behaviors from male and female leaders
According to a major global research project over the past two decades, middle managers around the world believe that the leadership style known as “charismatic visionary” is _____.
characteristic of effective leaders
Women adopt participative leadership styles more easily than men because ______.
women have better interpersonal skills than men
