Chapter 12

Question 1

Influencing, motivating, and enabling others to contribute toward the effectiveness of the organization of which they are members is ______.

Answer 1

leadership

Question 2

Luis is a machine programmer who recognizes that in his company there are frontline employees who informally assume leadership responsibilities in a variety of ways. The company is using a(n) ______ leadership model.

Answer 2

shared

Question 3

The leadership perspective that views leaders as agents of change who create, communicate, and model a shared vision and inspire followers to achieve it is ______ leadership.

Answer 3

transformational

Question 4

Why is developing a strategic vision a core element of transformational leadership?

Answer 4

It energizes people.

It unifies employees.

Question 5

Effective transformational leaders communicate strategic visions to followers and other stakeholders ______.

Answer 5

through symbols, metaphors, and stories

Question 6

The best definition of leadership is the ability to ______.

Answer 6

influence, motivate, and enable others

Question 7

Modeling the strategic vision is important to transformational leadership because it ______.

Answer 7

builds trust in the leader

demonstrates what the vision looks like in practice

Question 8

Which of the following are characteristics of shared leadership?

Answer 8

The view that leaders should not try to perform all leadership tasks

Employees leading one another

Question 9

Transformational leaders are those who act as change agents by inspiring others to achieve through ______.

Answer 9

modeling a shared vision

creating a shared vision for the organization

communicating a shared vision

Question 10

A transformational leader would be most likely to ______.

Answer 10

encourage experimentation

Question 11

The element of transformational leadership that represents a positive image or model of the future that energizes and unifies employees is ______.

Answer 11

the strategic vision

Question 12

An important way leaders build commitment to the strategic vision is to ______.

Answer 12

involve employees in the process of shaping the vision

Question 13

Successful transformational leaders create meaning and motivation surrounding their strategic vision by choosing phrases that ______ the vision.

Answer 13

frame

Question 14

Transformational leaders motivate followers by persuading and earning trust, whereas charismatic leaders motivate followers through the leader’s inherent ______ power.

Answer 14

referent

Question 15

The CEO personally meets with customers and employees to learn what they need and then makes sure they get it. These actions are consistent with the strategic vision of the company and build trust. This is an example of which element of the transformational leadership model?

Answer 15

Modeling the vision

Question 16

Research has shown that transformational leaders make a difference because employees ______.

Answer 16

have greater affective organizational commitment

Question 17

Luis is a machine programmer who recognizes that in his company there are frontline employees who informally assume leadership responsibilities in a variety of ways. The company is using a(n) ______ leadership model.

Answer 17

shared

Question 18

Among the challenges faced by transformational leadership is that leadership ______.

Answer 18

may not apply to all contexts and situations

Question 19

Transformational leaders support a learning orientation by ______.

Answer 19

encouraging employees to question current practices

viewing reasonable mistakes as a part of the learning process

encouraging experimentation

Question 20

The CEO of XCorp, a fuel oil company, has involved employees at all levels in developing a new vision, logo, and brand image for the company representing its commitment to alternative fuels. She has consistently made decisions that support investing in new energy technologies, which have generated excitement and motivated the company’s employees and board of directors. The CEO of XCorp is ______.

Answer 20

building commitment to her strategic vision

Question 21

The leadership style that focuses on improving employee performance and well-being in the current situation rather than moving the group in a new direction is ___ leadership.

Answer 21

managerial

Question 22

Which statements about charismatic leadership and transformational leadership are true?

Answer 22

Charismatic leaders are not necessarily transformational.

Transformational leaders are not necessarily charismatic.

Charismatic leaders may increase follower motivation.

Question 23

Research has shown that under transformational leaders employees ______.

Answer 23

perform their jobs better

make more creative decisions

Question 24

Which of these best describes the relationship between managerial and transformational leadership?

Answer 24

Interdependent

Question 25

A concern with transformational leadership is that recent research shows it ______.

Answer 25

is defined and measured by its effect on employees rather than by leadership behaviors is more appropriate in organizations that need to continuously adapt

Question 26

A transformational leader would be most likely to ______.

Answer 26

encourage experimentation

Question 27

The researchers who investigated the behaviors that make leaders effective suggest that there are which two types of leadership behaviors?

Answer 27

Task oriented and people oriented

Question 28

Which of the following is associated with managerial leadership?

Answer 28

Focused on the current situation

Question 29

______ leadership encourages others to fulfill their needs and potential for personal development and growth.

Answer 29

Servant

Question 30

Leaders with a natural desire, or "calling," to help others in their personal growth are known as ______ leaders.

Answer 30

servant

Question 31

Managerial leadership depends on ______ leadership to set the right direction, while transformational leadership depends on ______ leadership to produce operational excellence.

Answer 31

transformational; managerial

Question 32

The theory of leadership based on the idea that effective leaders provide the information, support, and resources employees need to achieve goals and receive valued rewards is ______ leadership.

Answer 32

path-goal

Question 33

Among the challenges faced by transformational leadership is that leadership ______.

Answer 33

may not apply to all contexts and situations

Question 34

Sunny has just explained to her employees that they have a new, challenging sales goal for their region next month. She is very confident they can reach it if they all work at the high level she knows they can since they have done it before. Sunny is using which style of path-goal leadership?

Answer 34

Achievement-oriented style

Question 35

Leaders who focus on clarifying tasks and setting goals are task-oriented leaders, while those who are concerned with asking employees' opinions and considering their needs are ______-oriented leaders.

Answer 35

people

Question 36

Leaders who are described as selfless, egalitarian, nurturing, and ethical are ______ leaders.

Answer 36

servant

Question 37

The contingencies that make a leadership style effective in some situations but not others include ______ contingencies. (Check all that apply.)

Answer 37

environmental employee

Question 38

The features of servant leadership include ______. (Check all that apply)

Answer 38

decisions and actions anchored in ethical principles relationships with others that are egalitarian and accepting

Question 39

The theory of leadership that has its roots in the expectancy theory of motivation because leaders create paths to effective performance and rewards for their employees is ______.

Answer 39

path-goal theory

Question 40

What is a limitation of path-goal theory?

Answer 40

Limited research support for several contingencies

Question 41

Directive style

Answer 41

Task orientated. Similar to task-oriented style, which clarifies goals, standards, rewards, and punishments

Question 42

Supportive style

Answer 42

people-orientated. Similar to people-oriented style, which is friendly, approachable, and respectful and provides social support in stressful situations

Question 43

Participative style

Answer 43

employee involvement. Involves employees in the decision-making process

Question 44

Achievement-oriented style

Answer 44

employees reach peak performance. Sets challenging goals, continuously seeks improvement in performance, and shows high level of confidence in employees

Question 45

A self-managed work team that hires, trains, and monitors the performance of its members without a manager is an example of ______ theory.

Answer 45

leadership substitutes

Question 46

A contingency that works best for employees who believe that they have control over their work environment and prefer a participative leadership style is ______.

Answer 46

locus of control

Question 47

Research on leadership substitutes theory shows that managers are ______.

Answer 47

still crucial

Question 48

What are limitations of path-goal theory?

Answer 48

It includes contingencies and leadership styles that have not been investigated. It may become too complex for practical use as it expands. It assumes that effective leaders can fluidly adapt their behavior and managerial styles.

Question 49

The theory that there are contingencies such as experience and reward systems that limit a leader's ability to influence employees or make leadership unnecessary is ______ theory.

Answer 49

leadership substitutes

Question 50

The idea that leaders meet preconceived ideas of features and behaviors of leaders that form prototypes is part of the ______.

Answer 50

implicit leadership perspective

Question 51

The election of Barack Obama to the office of President of the United States changed the leadership ______ of many people in this country.

Answer 51

prototypes

Question 52

Research on leadership substitute theory is mixed, but we can conclude that leadership substitutes ______.

Answer 52

may reduce the need for leaders but don't completely replace them

Question 53

The idea that most people want to believe that leaders make a difference is known as ______.

Answer 53

the romance of leadership

Question 54

The theory that people evaluate the effectiveness of a leader based on their own preconceived perceptions of a leader's characteristics and the illusion of control attributed to those in leadership positions is known as the ______ leadership perspective.

Answer 54

implicit

Question 55

True or false: Leadership competencies include a positive self-concept and high levels of emotional intelligence.

Answer 55

True. High self-esteem, an internal locus of control, and the ability to regulate emotions in themselves and others are needed to be a competent leader.

Question 56

Everyone's preconceived beliefs about the characteristics and behaviors of effective leaders are known as ______.

Answer 56

leadership prototypes

Question 57

The strongest predictors of effective leadership are ______.

Answer 57

high levels of extroversion and conscientiousness

Question 58

Which of the following are factors that authentic leaders need to be aware of and act consistently with?

Answer 58

Self-concept Personality Values

Question 59

The reasons that the "romance of leadership" exists include ______.

Answer 59

that it enables us to explain successes and failures in terms of a leader's ability the tendency of people to believe that events result from the rational acts of leaders

Question 60

The competency-based perspective of leadership is limited because ______.

Answer 60

it views it as internal to a person, but it actually depends on favorable relations with followers

Question 61

Recent research has identified that leaders possess certain skills, aptitudes, knowledge and personal characteristics that ______.

Answer 61

lead to superior performance

Question 62

Self concept

Answer 62

positive self eval. Positive evaluation of ability to reach objectives

Question 63

Drive

Answer 63

inner motivation. Motivation to achieve goals

Question 64

knowledge of the business

Answer 64

Understanding of the business and its environment

Question 65

Personality

Answer 65

High levels of extroversion

Question 66

The view that effective leaders are aware of, feel comfortable with, and act consistently with their values, personality, and self-concept is the definition of ______ leadership.

Answer 66

authentic

Question 67

Employees in countries with high power distance cultures, such as Mexican culture, ______.

Answer 67

are less likely to see participative leadership as effective

Question 68

What are the limitations of the leadership attributes perspective?

Answer 68

It does not take into account that alternative combinations of attributes may be equally successful. It views leadership as something within a person instead of something that is relational. It assumes that all effective leaders have the same personal characteristics that are equally important in all situations.

Question 69

Studies have found that male and female leaders do not differ in their levels of task-oriented or people-oriented leadership. An explanation for this is that ______.

Answer 69

real-world jobs require similar behaviors from male and female leaders

Question 70

According to a major global research project over the past two decades, middle managers around the world believe that the leadership style known as "charismatic visionary" is _____.

Answer 70

characteristic of effective leaders

Question 71

Women adopt participative leadership styles more easily than men because ______.

Answer 71

women have better interpersonal skills than men