Chapter 12

Question 1

how many gestational weeks are in a pregnancy? Lunar months?

Answer 1

40 weeks, 10 lunar months

Question 2

what is conception?

Answer 2

fertilization of egg by sperm

Question 3

murola

Answer 3

ball of cells (1st 2 weeks)

Question 4

week 3-8 gestation

Answer 4

embryonic period, all major organs being developed

heart, lungs, brain, etc

Question 5

Week 8

Answer 5

fetal period, fine tuning

orogenesis is complete by end of week 8

Question 6

what is the developing baby called during week 1-2

Answer 6

zygote

Question 7

what is the developing baby called during week 2-8

Answer 7

embryo

Question 8

what is the developing baby called during week 8-40

Answer 8

fetus

Question 9

when is the baby the most susceptible to be damaged by teratogens?

Answer 9

During embryogenesis week 3-8

Question 10

what are examples of teratogens?

Answer 10

alcohol, retinol, cigarettes, BPA

Question 11

by what week gestation the developing baby resembles a human?

Answer 11

12 weeks

Question 12

what week should a primigravida feel her baby move?

Answer 12

20 weeks

Question 13

what is the first fetal movements felt by mom called?

Answer 13

quickening

Question 14

what week gestation should a multigravida mom be able to feel her baby move?

Answer 14

16 weeks

Question 15

by what week gestation should the developing baby have fairly well- formed body and internal organs?

Answer 15

8 weeks

Question 16

by what week gestation are alveolar ducts and sacs preset and lecithin begins to appear in the amniotic fluid. and baby is considered viable?

Answer 16

24 weeks

Question 17

amniotic fluid

Answer 17

surrounds baby, created by fetal lungs and urine, reabsorbed via fetal swallowing and amnion and chorion
maintains fetal temp, electrolyte and fluid balance

Question 18

oligohydramnios

Answer 18

<300 ml of amniotic fluid

associated with renal anomalies

Question 19

polyhydramnios

Answer 19

> 2L of amniotic fluid

associated with fetal GI anomalies

Question 20

chorion

Answer 20

1 layer of bag of waters

develops from trophoblasts with chorionic villi

Question 21

amnion

Answer 21

1 layer or bag of waters

develops from inner walls of blastocytes, covers umbilical cord

Question 22

umbilical cord contains?

Answer 22

2 arteries and 1 vein
surrounded by whartons jelly (connective tissue)
connected to placenta

Question 23

Placenta produces what 4 hormones?

Answer 23

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
human placental lactogen (HPL)
Progesterone
estrogen

Question 24

placental HCG

Answer 24

detectable in maternal serum 8-10 days after conception

preserves function of corpus luteum

Question 25

placental HPL

Answer 25

increases insulin resistance and facilitates glucose transport across the placenta

Question 26

placental progesterone

Answer 26

maintains endometrium, decreases uterine contractility, stimulates breast development, and maternal metabolism

Question 27

placental estrogen

Answer 27

increases toward end of pregnancy, stimulates uterine growth, uteroplacental blood flow, breast growth and contractility of uterus

Question 28

fetal circulation

Answer 28

oxygenated blood to placenta and returns via umbilical vein
3 shunts within fetus that allow blood to shunt away from lungs and liver (ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, ductus venosus)
begin to close immediately after birth

Question 29

when is a fetus not susceptible to teratogens and why?

Answer 29

weeks 1-2, because no maternal blood shared with fetus (pre-embryonic period)

Question 30

baby at highest risk of neural tube defects like spina bifida and anencephaly when?

Answer 30

weeks 3-16, especially week 3-7

Question 31

women at child bearing age should take how much folic acid daily?

Answer 31

400mcg daily