Chapter 12 Flashcards
how many gestational weeks are in a pregnancy? Lunar months?
40 weeks, 10 lunar months
what is conception?
fertilization of egg by sperm
murola
ball of cells (1st 2 weeks)
week 3-8 gestation
embryonic period, all major organs being developed
heart, lungs, brain, etc
Week 8
fetal period, fine tuning
orogenesis is complete by end of week 8
what is the developing baby called during week 1-2
zygote
what is the developing baby called during week 2-8
embryo
what is the developing baby called during week 8-40
fetus
when is the baby the most susceptible to be damaged by teratogens?
During embryogenesis week 3-8
what are examples of teratogens?
alcohol, retinol, cigarettes, BPA
by what week gestation the developing baby resembles a human?
12 weeks
what week should a primigravida feel her baby move?
20 weeks
what is the first fetal movements felt by mom called?
quickening
what week gestation should a multigravida mom be able to feel her baby move?
16 weeks
by what week gestation should the developing baby have fairly well- formed body and internal organs?
8 weeks
by what week gestation are alveolar ducts and sacs preset and lecithin begins to appear in the amniotic fluid. and baby is considered viable?
24 weeks
amniotic fluid
surrounds baby, created by fetal lungs and urine, reabsorbed via fetal swallowing and amnion and chorion
maintains fetal temp, electrolyte and fluid balance
oligohydramnios
<300 ml of amniotic fluid
associated with renal anomalies
polyhydramnios
> 2L of amniotic fluid
associated with fetal GI anomalies
chorion
1 layer of bag of waters
develops from trophoblasts with chorionic villi
amnion
1 layer or bag of waters
develops from inner walls of blastocytes, covers umbilical cord
umbilical cord contains?
2 arteries and 1 vein
surrounded by whartons jelly (connective tissue)
connected to placenta
Placenta produces what 4 hormones?
human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
human placental lactogen (HPL)
Progesterone
estrogen
placental HCG
detectable in maternal serum 8-10 days after conception
preserves function of corpus luteum
placental HPL
increases insulin resistance and facilitates glucose transport across the placenta
placental progesterone
maintains endometrium, decreases uterine contractility, stimulates breast development, and maternal metabolism
placental estrogen
increases toward end of pregnancy, stimulates uterine growth, uteroplacental blood flow, breast growth and contractility of uterus
fetal circulation
oxygenated blood to placenta and returns via umbilical vein
3 shunts within fetus that allow blood to shunt away from lungs and liver (ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, ductus venosus)
begin to close immediately after birth
when is a fetus not susceptible to teratogens and why?
weeks 1-2, because no maternal blood shared with fetus (pre-embryonic period)
baby at highest risk of neural tube defects like spina bifida and anencephaly when?
weeks 3-16, especially week 3-7
women at child bearing age should take how much folic acid daily?
400mcg daily
