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ENV 105 > Chapter 11 Wolves > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Wolves Flashcards

1
Q

The goal of rewilding programs is to promote biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.

True
False

A

True

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2
Q

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1970 was a major turning point in natural resource management because it requires _______.

A

Stakeholder Participation

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3
Q

The primary goal of natural resource management has always been to include stakeholders at all stages of decision making.

True
False

A

False

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4
Q

Which type of thinking mainly asks the questions “what should be preserved, and why?”

A

Deep Ecology

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5
Q

Changes in one trophic level can create cascading effects that change other trophic levels.

True
False

A

True

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6
Q

By returning wolves to the wild, biologists might observe all of the following changes to the ecosystem EXCEPT what?

A

Fewer willow trees as elk numbers will decrease.

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7
Q

What do we call organisms that are at the highest trophic level, meaning that they have no natural predators?

A

apex predators

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8
Q

The rewilding movement incorporates all of the following approaches, EXCEPT:

A

Anthropocentrism

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9
Q

Areas designated as wilderness are accessible equally by everyone.

A

False

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10
Q

All of the following were steps to conserve wolves, EXCEPT:

A

Aerial wolf eradication program

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11
Q

If a fungus wipes out a certain type of plant, this will have a cascading effect in the upper trophic levels that can ultimately reduce the numbers of apex predators. This is called what?

A

Bottom-up trophic processes

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12
Q

All of the following are examples of abiotic factors that can affect wolves, EXCEPT:

A

disease

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13
Q

Different types of apex predators may coexist in the same ecosystem.

True
False

A

True

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14
Q

The ecological role that an organism fills is known as a _______.

A

niche

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15
Q

Thanks to conservation and rewilding efforts, wolves have been successfully reintroduced to all of the areas of the Americas that they were previously eradicated from by the 1950s.

True
False

A

False

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16
Q

Which of the following is NOT a type of wolf extermination campaign waged in the U.S.?

A

Eradication to increase the numbers of bison for indigenous people.

17
Q

All of the following are examples of biotic factors that can affect wolves, EXCEPT:

A

wildfires

18
Q

Once “Cinderella” was kicked out of the Druid wolf pack, her best option was to find a new pack.

True
False

A

False

19
Q

All of the following are ways that humans have contributed to the extinction crises of many organisms, EXCEPT:

A

Native species introduction

20
Q

________ trophic levels are consumed by successively _______ trophic levels.

A

Lower; higher

21
Q

All of the following statements about natural resource management are true, EXCEPT:

A

All stakeholders are given an equal voice in decision-making that affects them.

22
Q

Which carnivore moved in after wolves were exterminated from Yellowstone, but could not fill their ecological role?

A

Coyote

23
Q

The rewilding movement is based primarily on an ethics of _______.

A

ecocentrism

24
Q

What do scientists believe is the key to the reproductive success and survival of wolves?

A

Their interactions with the pack

25
Q

The main reason that wolves were exterminated from much of their habitat is that wolves

A

threaten the livestock and ranching livelihood.

26
Q

All of the following are problems with current policies regarding wolves, EXCEPT:

A

Rewilding has increased biodiversity and promoted better ecosystem functioning.

27
Q

The estimated average rate of species loss over the long term is known as what?

A

Background extinction rate

28
Q

The current extinction crisis is primarily caused by natural factors.

A

False

29
Q

The rewilding movement relies upon the field of _______ to determine what is best for sustainability, and the field of _______ to determine how to make it happen.

A

deep ecology; conservation biology

ENV 105 (6 decks)

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