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Nutrition > Chapter 11: Water and Electrolytes > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Water and Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Water Body Weight

A

60% of body weight and dependant on body’s composition

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2
Q

Weight of lean tissues

A

3/4 of lean tissue is water weight

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3
Q

Weight in fat tissue

A

less than 1/4 of weight in fat tissue

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4
Q

Proportion of water is lower in

A

females
people with more adipose tissues
elderly

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5
Q

Functions of water and the body fluids

A

-Carries nutrients and waste products
- maintains the structure of large molecules
- metabolic reactions
-solvent
- Lubricant
- Body temp Regulation
- Blood volume

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6
Q

Distribution and movement of body fluids

A

all cells are surrounded by intracellular and extracellular fluid

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7
Q

Osmosis

A

Water moves in the direction of the more concentration solution

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8
Q

Electrolytes that reside inside the cell

A

P, K, Mg, S

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9
Q

Some electrolytes reside outside the cell

A

Na, Cl

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10
Q

Water flows electrolytes across the cell membrane

A

Osmosis

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11
Q

Proteins act as

A

water attracters
regulate fluid movement
passage of ions across the cell membrane
sodium potassium pump

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12
Q

Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance

A

GI Tract
Kidneys

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13
Q

Water intake

A

controlled by the hypothalamus
Less water = concentrated water = inc thirst
More water = distention of stomach = decreased thirst

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14
Q

Dehydration

A

Thirst, weakness, exhaustion, delirium

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14
Q

Water Intoxication

A

Confusion, convulsions, death, hyponatremia

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15
Q

Water Recommendations

A

1-1.5 ml/kcal (adults)
1.5 mL/kcal expended (infants and athletes)

16
Q

AI for total water

A

Men: 3.7 L/day
Women: 2.7 L/day

17
Q

Sodium

A

NaCl, preserves food and enhances taste, controls
-fluid balance
-acid-base balance
-nerve transmission
-muscle contraction
travels freely in the blood to the kidneys

18
Q

AI for sodium

A

1500 mg/day (19-50)
1300 mg/day (51-70)
1200 mg/day (70)

19
Q

CDRR for sodium

A

2300 mg/day

20
Q

Chloride

A

Essential nutrient
fluid and nutrient balance
sodium outside the cell and potassuim inside the cell
moves passively through membrane channels
part of HCl
Deficiency and toxicity are rare

21
Q

Potassium

A

Cation found inside cells
fluid and electrolyte balance
nerve transmission and muscle contraction
sodium and potassium trade places and then quickly trade back

22
Q

Potassiuma nd hypertension

A

Lower potassium and higher sodium equals higher blood pressure

23
Q

Potassium Toxicity

A

Not due to food so no UL has been set
due to certain diseases or medications

24
Q

Negative water balance

A

water loss is greater than water consumed

25
Q

Causes of dehydration

A

Diarrhea
vomiting
fever or excessive sweating
unmanaged diabetes
diuretic use

Nutrition (5 decks)

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