Chapter 11: Water and Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Water Body Weight

A

60% of body weight and dependant on body’s composition

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2
Q

Weight of lean tissues

A

3/4 of lean tissue is water weight

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3
Q

Weight in fat tissue

A

less than 1/4 of weight in fat tissue

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4
Q

Proportion of water is lower in

A

females
people with more adipose tissues
elderly

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5
Q

Functions of water and the body fluids

A

-Carries nutrients and waste products
- maintains the structure of large molecules
- metabolic reactions
-solvent
- Lubricant
- Body temp Regulation
- Blood volume

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6
Q

Distribution and movement of body fluids

A

all cells are surrounded by intracellular and extracellular fluid

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7
Q

Osmosis

A

Water moves in the direction of the more concentration solution

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8
Q

Electrolytes that reside inside the cell

A

P, K, Mg, S

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9
Q

Some electrolytes reside outside the cell

A

Na, Cl

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10
Q

Water flows electrolytes across the cell membrane

A

Osmosis

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11
Q

Proteins act as

A

water attracters
regulate fluid movement
passage of ions across the cell membrane
sodium potassium pump

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12
Q

Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance

A

GI Tract
Kidneys

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13
Q

Water intake

A

controlled by the hypothalamus
Less water = concentrated water = inc thirst
More water = distention of stomach = decreased thirst

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14
Q

Dehydration

A

Thirst, weakness, exhaustion, delirium

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14
Q

Water Intoxication

A

Confusion, convulsions, death, hyponatremia

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15
Q

Water Recommendations

A

1-1.5 ml/kcal (adults)
1.5 mL/kcal expended (infants and athletes)

16
Q

AI for total water

A

Men: 3.7 L/day
Women: 2.7 L/day

17
Q

Sodium

A

NaCl, preserves food and enhances taste, controls
-fluid balance
-acid-base balance
-nerve transmission
-muscle contraction
travels freely in the blood to the kidneys

18
Q

AI for sodium

A

1500 mg/day (19-50)
1300 mg/day (51-70)
1200 mg/day (70)

19
Q

CDRR for sodium

A

2300 mg/day

20
Q

Chloride

A

Essential nutrient
fluid and nutrient balance
sodium outside the cell and potassuim inside the cell
moves passively through membrane channels
part of HCl
Deficiency and toxicity are rare

21
Q

Potassium

A

Cation found inside cells
fluid and electrolyte balance
nerve transmission and muscle contraction
sodium and potassium trade places and then quickly trade back

22
Q

Potassiuma nd hypertension

A

Lower potassium and higher sodium equals higher blood pressure

23
Q

Potassium Toxicity

A

Not due to food so no UL has been set
due to certain diseases or medications

24
Negative water balance
water loss is greater than water consumed
25
Causes of dehydration
Diarrhea vomiting fever or excessive sweating unmanaged diabetes diuretic use