Chapter 11: Ventioation Size-Up

Question 1

Techniques to use the wind, convection currents, and other natural phenomena to ventilate a structure without the use of fans, blowers, or other mechanical devices.

Answer 1

Natural ventilation

Question 2

A methodical,thought-out approach to changing the ventilation profile of a structure.

Answer 2

Tactical ventilation

Question 3

It is clear that firefighters sometimes allow a legitimate concern for property conservation doing the absolute minimum of property damage in the ventilation process to dictate the tape and amount of ventilation that is done. For example:

Answer 3

• Time is lost trying to force open a window rather than breaking the glass
• A ventilation opening is not cut in a roof, along with the attic by below to spread
• A ventilation opening is made, but it’s too small so the fire spreads as if there was no ventilation opening

Question 4

Also called force ventilation,it involves the use of fans, blowers, nozzles, and other mechanical devices to create or redirect the flow of air within an involved compartment or building.

Answer 4

Mechanical ventilation

Question 5

For ventilation to be most effective it must be done?

Answer 5

Sooner rather than later

Question 6

Firefighters must be trained to quickly but thoroughly size up the situation, weigh the risk and benefits of the tactical options available, and base their actions on what is safe and of the greatest benefit to the overall operations. Some agencies use the simple approach:

Answer 6

• what do we have
• what are we going to do
• What do we need

Question 7

Unless interrupted by some outside intervention such as fire tech or automatic fire suppression system activation, fires in compartment start with ignition in progress through four stages:

Answer 7

• incipient
• growth
• fully developed
• decay

Question 8

Providing an increased air supply to a ventilation controlled fire in the decay states can result in a ventilation induced ______________.

Answer 8

Flashover or backdraft

Question 9

The variables and smoke behavior the firefighters should look for when sizing up a working structure fire are?

Answer 9

• Smoke volume
• smoke color and density
• airflow (pressure)

Question 10

Emote structure fires, firefighters should assume until proven otherwise that a lot of smoke equals?

Answer 10

A lot of fire

Question 11

The color of smoke being produced by a fire is a more________indicator of fire conditions than the volume of smoke being produced.

Answer 11

Reliable

Question 12

There’s black smoke is usually produced by?

Answer 12

Hydrocarbons

Question 13

There are two categories of smoke density

Answer 13

• Optical density and opacity

* Physical density

Question 14

These terms describe how difficult it is to see through the smoke. Smoke containing high concentrations of particulates is both very dense (thick) and opaque (not transparent).Therefore, it is virtually impossible to see you through.

Answer 14

Optical density and opacity

Question 15

This describes how boy at the Smokies. Smoke that his boy will rise quickly and smoke that is not working close to the floor. In general, buoyancy is related to the temperature of the smoke the higher the temperature, the more buoyant the smoke.

Answer 15

Physical density

Question 16

For purposes of ventilation size up, the following four critical building construction factors should be considered.

Answer 16

• Age and type of building
• positive construction features
• negative construction features
• Occupancy specific construction features

Question 17

Many older buildings were constructed with walls of ___ primarily brick, giving them the capacity to contain the heat of a fire longer than wood buildings.

Answer 17

(URM) Unreinforced masonry

Question 18

URM structures are also prone to___________.

Answer 18

Structural collapse

Question 19

If I fart his face a major fire in a fully sprinklered building they must assume that either the system is_________or that an extremely intense Fire has overwhelmed the system.

Answer 19

•Not functional

Question 20

Other built in fire suppression systems are also of help to firefighters. Flooding systems that discharge CO2 halogenated agents, or dry chemical agents have generally the same capabilities as automatic sprinkler systems but on a more__________.

Answer 20

Limited scale

Question 21

From a ventilation standpoint, one of the most helpful futures a building can have is__________.

Answer 21

Automatic smoke Vents

Question 22

Ideally, buildings would penalize roof system, or any other system that is prone to early collapse doing a fire will have________.

Answer 22

Automatic smoke Vents

Question 23

The cock loft in exterior walls of industrial buildings often contain?

Answer 23

High voltage electrical wiring

Question 24

When the I C has decided that ventilation is needed, coordinating the ventilation operation with rescue and fire attack generally involves three components:

Answer 24

• Timing
• location
• Method

Question 25

The most important weather related influences on tactical ventilation are?

Answer 25

Wind and temperature

Question 26

Wind conditions must always be considered when determining the proper?

Answer 26

Ventilation method

Question 27

Firefighters must remember the ventilation methods should be in concert with?

Answer 27

Prevailing wind, not against it