chapter 11: urinary system

Question 1

urinalysis

Answer 1

clinical procedure that examines the composition of urine

Question 2

albumin

Answer 2

protein normally present in the bloodstream

Question 3

albuminuria

Answer 3

when albumin appears in the urine; physical sign of abnormal renal filtration

Question 4

anuria

Answer 4

inability to pass urine; sign of kidney disease, less than 100mL of urine per day

Question 5

azotemia

Answer 5

abnormally high levels of urea and other nitrogen containing compounds in blood

Question 6

bacteriuria

Answer 6

abnormal presence of bacteria in urine; sign of UTI

Question 7

diuresis

Answer 7

temporary, excessive discharge of urine; may be induced w/ drugs, diuretics, to reduce high blood pressure by increasing urine volume

Question 8

dysuria

Answer 8

symptom of urinary tract disease caused by bacterial infection

Question 9

glycosuria

Answer 9

abnormal presence of glucose in urine; sign of endocrine disease, diabetes mellitus

Question 10

hematuria

Answer 10

abnormal presence of blood in the urine; urinary system disorder

Question 11

ketonuria

Answer 11

abnormal presence of ketone bodies in urine; sign of metabolic disorder, high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet, starvation, diabetes mellitus

Question 12

nocturia

Answer 12

need to urinate frequently at night; sign of diabetes mellitus or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Question 13

oliguria

Answer 13

reduced urination; volume of urine in 24 hrs is less than 500mL, sign of kidney disorder

Question 14

polyuria

Answer 14

frequent urination; sign of endocrine disease

Question 15

proteinuria

Answer 15

presence of any protein in urine

Question 16

pyuria

Answer 16

presence of pus in urine; sign of UTI

Question 17

acute kidney injury (AKI)

Answer 17

rapid onset disease of kidneys resulting in failure to produce urine; caused by physical injury, septic shock, severe dehydration, surgical complication; a recoverable condition

Question 18

cystitis

Answer 18

inflammation of urinary bladder; caused by bacterial infection that travels up urethra

Question 19

urethrocyctitis

Answer 19

infection of the urinary bladder and the urethra

Question 20

cystocele

Answer 20

herniation of urinary bladder; in females protrusion pushes into adjacent vagina

Question 21

cystolith

Answer 21

stone or calculus in urinary bladder, medical intervention is required if it is too large to pass through

Question 22

end-stage kidney disease (ESKD)

Answer 22

failure of both kidneys to form urine; renal failure

Question 23

enuresis

Answer 23

involuntary release of urine; lack of bladder control

Question 24

nocturnal enuresis

Answer 24

bedwetting; involuntary release of urine while sleeping

Question 25

epispadias

Answer 25

congenital defect resulting in abnormal positioning of urinary meatus; in males meatus opens on dorsal surface of penis; in females meatus opens dorsal to clitoris

Question 26

glomerulonephropathy

Answer 26

any disease of the glomeruli

Question 27

glomerulonephritis

Answer 27

inflammation of the glomeruli; autoimmune disease resulting from attack on glomeruli by body’s own WBC or caused by bacterial infection

Question 28

hydronephrosis

Answer 28

distension of renal pelvis due to blockage of urine

Question 29

hypospadias

Answer 29

congenital defect in which urinary meatus is shifted ventrally; in males it opens on the underside of penis; in females the meatus is within vagina

Question 30

urinary incontinence

Answer 30

inability to control urination

Question 31

stress incontenence

Answer 31

involuntary discharge of urine occurs during a cough, sneeze, or strained movement

Question 32

nephritis

Answer 32

inflammation of kidney caused by autoimmune response or allergic reaction to certain medication; interstitial nephritis

Question 33

nephroblastoma

Answer 33

tumor that originated from kidney tissue and includes embyronic cells; Wilm’s tumor

Question 34

nephrolithiasis

Answer 34

presence of one or more stones within a kidney; renal calculi

Question 35

nephroma

Answer 35

tumor arising from kidney

Question 36

nephromegally

Answer 36

abnormal enlargement of one or both kidneys

Question 37

nephropathy

Answer 37

severe condition of kidney that leads to end-stage kidney disease

Question 38

diabetic nephropathy

Answer 38

resulting from unmanaged diabetes mellitus

Question 39

hypertensive nephropathy

Answer 39

resulting from unmanaged chronic hypertension (high blood pressure)

Question 40

drug-induced nephropathy

Answer 40

caused by certain over the counter drugs, lab procedures, and prescription medicines

Question 41

nephroptosis

Answer 41

downward displacement “drooping” of kidney; kidney no longer held in proper position against posterior abdominal wall; floating kidney

Question 42

polycystic kidney disease

Answer 42

condition in which numerous cysts occupy much of the kidney tissue; cysts replace normal tissue resulting in loss of kidney function

Question 43

pyelitis

Answer 43

inflammation of renal pelvis caused by bacterial infection