Chapter 11 Test: Gender and Human Sexuality

Question 0

Sex and Gender:

Define Gender:

Answer 0

Psychological and sociocultural meanings added to biological maleness or femaleness

Question 1

Sex and Gender:

Define Sex:

Answer 1

Biological maleness and femaleness, including chromosomal sex, also, sexual behaviours, such as masturbation and intercourse

Question 2

Sex and Gender

Define Gender Role:

Answer 2

Societal expectations for “appropriate” male and female behaviour

• Gender roles influence our lives from the moment of birth (wrapped in either a pink or blue blanket)
• By age 2, children are well aware of gender roles
  (Boys should be strong, independent, aggressive, dominant and achieving)
  (Girls should be soft, dependant, passive, emotional, and “naturally” interested in children)

Question 3

Sex and Gender

Define Androgyny:

Answer 3

Exhibiting both masculine and feminine traits; from the Greek word ‘Andro’, meaning “male,” and ‘gyn’, meaning “female”

Question 4

Sex and Gender

Define Gender Identity:

Answer 4

Self-identification as being either a man or a woman

Question 5

Sex and Gender

Define Sexual Orientation:

Answer 5

Primary erotic attraction toward members of the same sex (homosexual,gay, lesbian) both sexes (bisexual), or the other sex (heterosexual)

Question 6

Sexual behaviour

Define Sexual Response Cycle:

Answer 6

Masters and Johnson’s description of the four-stage bodily response to sexual arousal, which consists of excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Question 7

Sexual Behaviour

Define Refractory period:

Answer 7

Phase following orgasm, during which further orgasm is considered physiologically impossible for men

Question 8

Sexual Behaviour

Define Sexual prejudice:

Answer 8

Negative attitudes toward an individual because of his or her sexual orientation

Question 9

Sexual Problems

Define sexual dysfunction:

Answer 9

Impairment of the norm physiological processes of arousal and orgasm

Question 10

Sexual Problems

Define Performance Anxiety:

Answer 10

Fear of being judged in connection with sexual activity

• Men commonly experience problems with erections (especially after drinking alcohol) and they wonder if their “performance” will satisfy their partner
• woman frequently worry about their attractiveness and their ability to orgasm
• As well, increased anxiety cause the sympathetic nervous system to dominate, which blocks blood flow to the genitals

Question 11

Sexual Problems

Define double standard;

Answer 11

Beliefs, values, and norms that subtly encourage male sexuality and discourage female sexuality

(Men are encouraged to explore their sexuality and bring a certain level of sexual knowledge into the relationship. Conversely, woman are expected to stop sexual advances and refrain from sexual activity until marriage

Question 12

Sexual Problems

Define Sexual scripts:

Answer 12

Socially dictated descriptions of “appropriate” behaviours for sexual interactions

• often “unconsciously” internalize society’s scripts and expectations

Question 13

Sexual Problems

Define AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

Answer 13

Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) destroy the immune systems’s ability to fight disease, leaving the body vulnerable to a variety of opportunistic infections and cancers

• in the beginning of the infection process, the HIVS virus multiplies rapidly
• newly infected individuals are 100 to 1000 times more infectious that throughout the remainder of the disease
• this is troubling because most infected people are likely to remain symptom free for months or even years

Question 14

Sexual Problems

Define HIV positive:

Answer 14

Being infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)