Chapter 11 Test Bank Flashcards
A person between the ages of 18 and 25 is entering a stage developmentalists call
Emerging Adulthood
Which statement about emerging adults is true around the world?
They have more years of education and marry later than their parents did.
Emerging adulthood has traditionally been the optimal time for hard physical work, athletic achievement, and:
Childbearing
Generally, early adulthood is characterized by _____ health.
Optimal
Which statement is false about people between the ages of 18 and 25?
They undergo routine diagnostic tests such as colonoscopies.
Low birth weight, undernutrition in infancy, and rapid weight gain in early childhood are associated with _____ in emerging adulthood.
Higher risk of disease
During emerging adulthood, all body systems function:
Optimally
Claudia lives in the United States. She began using an IUD at age 18 but became pregnant and had her first baby. Claudia’s case is:
Atypical because IUDs rarely fail
Many emerging adults want to engage in sexual activity but know that they are not emotionally ready to be parents. Their solution is:
Contraception
About one-fourth of emerging adults believe that living together before marriage is bad for society, but over half of _____ do.
Older adults
With regard to modern contraception, _____ has a failure rate of about 1 in 400 women.
Hormone implant
Delilah is currently a 22-year-old college student. Like most of her peers she believes that premarital sex is:
Acceptable
About _____ percent of all new cases of STIs worldwide occur in people under the age of 26.
50
A vector is:
Person who spreads a disease
Which phenomenon has contributed to the worldwide spread of sexually transmitted infections?
Easy international travel
About _____ percent of females with AIDS contracted it through rape.
20
Largely due to the sexual activities of young adults, _____ has become a worldwide epidemic in the past 20 years.
HIV
Which behavior is NOT due to the risk taking so common in emerging adulthood?
Avoiding contact sports
Risk taking during early adulthood:
May benefit or harm society
Joya is 22 years old. Statistically, she is MOST likely to:
Binge drink
Emerging adults are in a high-risk category for:
Serious injury and violent death
Shaun has just taken a position as a nurse in the emergency room at a local hospital. He is likely to notice
Young adults with a variety of injuries
Using a drug in a quantity or a manner that harms physical, cognitive, or psychosocial well- being is called drug:
Abuse
Statistically, which of these 20-year-olds would be the most likely to engage in extreme drinking?
Stanely, who is a college junior
A possible fifth stage of cognitive development that characterizes adult thinking is:
Postformal thought
Some researchers believe there is a fifth stage of cognition called postformal thought, which is characterized by:
Problem finding
A longitudinal study showed that recent college graduates _____ in critical thinking, analysis, and communication as compared to graduates twenty years ago.
Made half the growth
In late adolescence and emerging adulthood, people are able to use both emotion and logic when grappling with personal and social problems; such thinking demonstrates _____ thought.
Postformal
A shift from “problem solving” to “problem finding” reflects the development of:
Postformal thought
Which continues to improve in MOST people beyond the age of emerging adulthood whether or not they go to college?
Social understanding
Most contemporary cognitive scientists _____ Piaget’s last stage of cognitive development (formal operational).
Find fault with
According to Labouvie-Vief, _____ describes the cognitive development of the emerging adult.
Complex, integrated, logical thinking
On average, emerging adults today show _____ compared to older adults.
Less prejudice overall
The possibility that one’s appearance or behavior will be misused to confirm another person’s oversimplified, prejudiced attitude is referred to as:
Stereotype threat
Grant is a fun-loving, intelligent, responsible teenager who likes to dye his hair different colors. However, he is concerned that other people might construe his hair color as a reflection of poor academic achievement. His concern is an example of:
Stereotype threat
Identify the possible reaction to stereotype threat.
High school drop out rate for African American males
In the stereotype-threat study in which college students were taught about intelligence research, which group showed the most improvement in attitudes about academic achievement and grades?
African American students who were taught that intelligence is plastic.
According to theory of stereotype threat, thinking that one may be negatively compared to another group is MOST apt to:
Cause one to underperform
Jackson is experiencing stereotype threat. Research indicates its effects can be reduced by:
Convincing Jackson that his achievement depends on hard work
Which statement made by a teacher is MOST likely to activate stereotype threat?
“This exam will show which gender has better grammatical skills.”
Compared to individuals without a college education, those with a college education tend to be
Healthier and wealthier
The term massification means that:
College could benefit everyone
Genevieve is about to complete her bachelor’s degree. If she is typical, once she is established in her career she will earn approximately _____ more per year than a peer without a college degree.
$20,000
The people MOST apt to become postformal thinkers are those who:
Have friends from diverse backgrounds
The recent effort by countries around the world to increase the number of young people attending college is prompted by national governments’ belief in:
Massification
According to Perry’s research, the first phase of college students’ thinking is:
Believing in the existence of absolute right and wrong
Perry found that over the four years of their college careers, students typically:
Move through 9 levels of complexity in their thinking
Jordan is a freshman in college and is at the very beginning of Perry’s scheme of cognitive development. He believes that:
Authorities know what is right
A longitudinal study done by Arum and colleagues on a cross-section of U.S. college students found that students’ cognitive growth was _____ that of college students 20 years ago.
Half of
In almost every developed nation today, it is true that _____ are college students.
More females than males
What is decreasing in the U.S. higher education system?
Number of single sex campuses
Compared to 1970, today’s college population in developed countries worldwide:
Is more diverse
Which statement is true?
The increased diversity of the college atmosphere encourages cognitive development.
Compared to college students 30 years ago, more students today are:
Focusing on career preparation
According to the 2011 research conducted by Pryor et al, the number one reason more than 9 out of 10 U.S. students cite for selecting a major is based on:
Getting a better job
Research indicates that if a person wants to increase his or her critical thinking ability in college, that person should take a:
Sociology class that requires lots of reading and writing
Professor Mtukudzi finished school in 1960 and loved his experience. He is MOST apt to believe the reason for a student to attend college should be to increase the student’s:
personal and intellectual growth
Erikson’s fifth stage of development is:
Identity vs. role confusion
Approximately what percentage of 18 to 25 year olds in the United States and Canada are of African, Latino, Asian, or Native American descent?
50
Between the ages of 18 and 27, the average adult in the United States:
Has had 8 jobs
Raul’s family maintains a strong ethnic identity. To increase his chances of doing well in college he should:
Resist both assimilation and alienation
Akila loves to theorize about how the physical world works. She believes there are advanced civilizations on other planets. According to John Holland’s six categories of people, she is MOST likely in the _____ category.
Investigative
Dimitri, age 26, is studying to take the CPA exam in order to become a certified public accountant. According to John Holland’s six categories of people, Dimitri is MOST likely in the _____ category.
Conventional
EJ attends community college working on a degree in automotive technology. He plans to take a series of rigorous national exams in order to become a master technician. According to John Holland’s six categories of people, EJ is MOST likely in the _____ category.
Realistic
Talal is 23 and works in an entry-level sales position at a local company. If he is typical, in the next few years, he will:
Change jobs more than once
In a study of Hispanic college students, those who most likely to maintain their ethnic identity, deflect stereotype threat, and be good students were those who:
Resisted alienation and assimilation
Which is generally the most fluid during emerging adulthood?
One’s vocational identity
Recent research suggests that commitment to one career may _____ compared to vocational flexibility.
Restrict vocational success
Statistically, which statement regarding emerging adults is true?
In spite of the new challenges and stressors that they face, their self-esteem is higher than earlier and continues to rise throughout emerging adulthood.
During emerging adulthood, self-esteem and happiness _____ for most people
Increase
Joel was a very aggressive 4-year-old boy. During emerging adulthood, he is MOST likely to:
Drop out of school
Which statement about personality in emerging adulthood is true?
College success can improve one’s personality
According to research, who is MOST likely to experience the greatest gain in well-being during emerging adulthood?
Eric, who lives in a dorm
According to one study (Asendorf et al., 2008), which personality traits were still evident in individual emerging adults after first being observed in them at the age of 4?
Agressiveness
On average, well-being increases in emerging adulthood, as does the incidence of:
Psychological disorders
The onset of _____ peaks around age 21, with men more likely to develop the disorder than women.
Schizophrenia
Janel is a 19-year-old who has developed a fear of interacting with people, particularly in crowded or unfamiliar settings. She has been diagnosed with:
Social phobia
Personality is plastic, but a person’s personality will be affected lifelong by::
Childhood experiences
Intimacy is the desire for:
Social connection
The decrease of marriage during emerging adulthood in recent years:
Has been accompanied by an increase in cohabitation
Why does research suggest caution with regard to cohabitation?
Cohabitators who marry have a high rate of divorce.
According to Erikson, once an emerging adult has established a sense of identity, he or she needs to resolve which crisis?
Intimacy vs isolation
According to Erikson, the stage of intimacy versus isolation:
Reflects the desire to share one’s life with someone else
Statistically, who is MOST apt to feel lonely?
Iris, a freshman at a residential college
For most people, social networking has _____ social isolation in emerging adulthood.
Decreased
“Hooking up” involves a sexual encounter:
Without a relationship
In what proportion of families around the world does arranged marriage occur?
1/3
For most Western emerging adults, what is considered the primary prerequisite for marriage
Love
What is rated as most important for successful marriage by Western emerging adults?
Faithfulness
Which BEST describes the 2008 data on interethnic marriage in the United States?
The official data underestimate the rate of such marriages.
In 2008, members of which group were LEAST apt to marry someone of another ethnicity?
Whites
According to the text, the relatively low rate of interethnic marriages is attributable to:
bonding due to similarities, which occurs most often in one’s own group.
Social networking may lead to ______, which happens when there are too many people available to meet and evaluate as potential life partners.
Choice overload
Patricia and Raul live together as a romantic couple, but they are not married. Their living arrangement is called:
Cohabitation
How many emerging adults in the United States, Canada, northern Europe, England, and Australia cohabit during emerging adulthood?
The majority
All members of a family have _____, as the experiences and needs of individuals at one stage of life are affected by all those at other stages.
Linked lives
Research has shown that parents are _____ in the lives of today’s emerging adults.
Crucial
Lee is clingy and very jealous, fearing that other men are after his wife. We might suspect that his early attachment pattern was:
Anxious
According to recent research, agreement between parents and adult children regarding politics, religion, and controversial issues is MOST likely to be:
Similar
Emerging adults who were insecurely attached as infants are more likely to _____ than those who were securely attached.
Marry early and divorce
In which nation do most unmarried young adults live in their childhood home, regardless of economic circumstances?
Italy
When parents disagree with an emerging adult’s choice of partner, the young adult in _____ will be MOST apt to stop dating that person.
China
