Chapter 10 Test Bank Flashcards by Joanne Lin

According to Erikson, adolescents are in the stage of:

Identity vs role confusion

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According to Erikson, the goal of adolescence is to:

Find one’s own identity

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Psychosocial development during adolescence is often seen as a quest to answer the question

Who am I

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Psychosocial development during adolescence involves the search for a(n):

Understanding of oneself

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According to Erikson, the ultimate adolescent psychosocial goal is identity:

Achievemetn

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Mary is an adolescent. According to Erikson, her new identity will be established by choosing:

Embrace some parental and societal values while abandoning others

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Following Erikson’s lead, _____ distinguished four specific ways young people cope with this life stage.

Marcia

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Seventeen-year-old Andrew failed several classes, lost his job, and spends most of his time sleeping on the couch. When his parents voice their disapproval, he replies, “Whatever.” Andrew’s response indicates:

Role confusion

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When a person adopts parents’ or society’s roles and values without questioning and exploring a personal identity, it is referred to as identity:

Foreclosure

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An example of a behavior that demonstrates identity foreclosure is:

Working in the family because it is expected

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Without any thoughtful consideration, Sean took on an identity that is the opposite of what his parents want for him. Sean has adopted a(n):

Negative identity

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Angel’s parents wanted him to be part of the family business—and Angel planned to do so. Then, at age 21, he decided to leave the business to study to be a priest. Angel resisted:

Identity foreclosure

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According to Erikson, the identity status characterized by not questioning and making no commitment is:

Diffusion

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Identity diffusion refers to the identity status in which adolescents:

Do not commit to goals and fail to take on any role

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Identity diffusion is typically characterized by:

Apathy

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Which adolescent appears to be experiencing identity diffusion?

Zachary, who spends most of his time hanging out and seems apathetic

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The term for a pause in identity formation, when alternatives are explored before final choices are made, is known as:

Moratorium

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In the Unites States, one way for some to legitimatize an identity moratrium is to

Go to college

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During an identity moratorium, adolescents typically:

Take on a temporary role and postpone making career decisions

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Barrett is serving a 2-year mission for his church at the age of 19. When he returns home from his mission assignment, he will decide whether or not to attend college and will make decisions about career and family. Barrett’s current status is identity:

Moratorium

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Harold readily adopted his parent’s religious faith without question. Happy and secure, he enjoys participating in religious events with his parents. His identity status reflects:

Foreclosure

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According to Erikson, what is one of the four aspects of identity?

Political

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__ adolescents totally reject the religion in which they’ve grown up.

Few

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Identity politics refers to the tendency to:

Vote for people of one’s own race, religion, ethnicity, or gender

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Research indicates that adolescents who work 20 hours a week or more

Tend to hate their jobs and achieve less in school

People's acceptance of the roles and behaviours that they define as male or female is referred to as their ____ identity

Gener

Gender refers to:

Cultural or social attributes of being male or female

Enrique believes that males should always be the ones to ask females out on dates. He thinks that if a man accepts an invitation for a date from a girl it makes him a wimp. This is an example of Enrique's:

Gender identity

Which statement is an example of a gender role?

A man should be the primary wage earner

In typical relationships, one would expect the MOST bickering between:

Mothers and daughters

Shortly after Brittany turned 18, she developed a newfound appreciation of her parents. What contributed to her change in attitude?

Her parents are allowing more independence

In the United States, parent-child conflict is most common when children are in:

Early adolescence

Bickering between parents and teenagers is most likely to:

Concern personal habits and dress

Parent-child arguments during the teen years indicate:

Children's desire for autonomy

Which type of parenting is most effective during adolescence?

Authoritative

According to the text, which are two of the aspects of family closeness?

Support and connectedness

Eva is about to become a teenage mother. Based on recent research, she and her child will better handle the situation if her parents:

Are supportive, but do not assume complete care for her child

Identify the accurate statement concerning parental connectedness and control in parent- adolescent interactions.

Whether these aspects are constructive or destructive depends on the situation

Parental monitoring is most likely to be effective and healthy when it is:

Part of a warm, supportive relationship

A father's awareness of where his teenagers are, what they are doing, and with whom they are doing it is referred to as:

Parental monitoring

Abbie is aware of where her son is whenever he goes out, and she requires him to call if there is any change in plans. This is an example of

Parental monitoring

Restrictive and controlling parenting practices are associated with:

Adolescent Depression

Nate's parents are restrictive and controlling. Compared with Nate's peers whose parents engage in less psychological control, Nate is more likely to be:

Depressed

_____ expressed the belief that adolescents must rebel in order to become healthy adults.

Anna Freud

In Western cultures the idea that a certain amount of adolescent rebellion is normal and perhaps even healthy reflects a:

Social construction

Miko is a 16-year-old girl who lives in Japan with her family. If she is typical, she will MOST likely seek her parents' advice on:

Romance

The urge to conform to one's peers in behavior, dress, and attitude is referred to as:

Peer pressure

Peer pressure usually leads to:

Socially desirable behaviours

Chris typically can be found with the same group of close friends on the gym steps at lunchtime. He and his friends do not ask others to sit with them. Psychologists call Chris's group a:

Clique

Adolescent romantic partners:

Have less in common with each other than in adult couples

Isaac and Derek persuaded Robert to cut school and steal alcohol from a store. Isaac and Derek provided _____ to Robert.

Deviancy training

Several of Jamel's friends agree to gather Thursday evening and study for their physics exam, and they invite him to come along. Jamel's friends are:

Facilitating constructive behaviours

At age 17, Gage aspired to become a serious musician. His group of friends began to change as he grew closer to students with deep musical interests, and he drifted away from other friends who were more engaged in sports. This illustrates peer:

Selection

Mr. and Mrs. Cortina have discovered that their son has been skipping classes and cutting school with a group of boys. Which conclusion is MOST likely true?

Their son chose this group because he shares their interests.

Which statement is false?

Youth continue to report sexual activity at younger and younger ages

Data indicates a marked decline in _____ rates among immigrant women in the U.S., at least in part because these women expect to attend post-secondary education.

Teenage pregnancy

A study of adult women in the United States found that those who voluntarily had sex before the age of 16 were:

Likely to get a divorce as an adult

The term that describes one having erotic desires about the same sex, the opposite sex or both sexes is:

Sexual orientation

Hector is 15 years old and does not identify with his biological sex. Although there is some controversy about the classification, the DSM-IV would categorize Hector as having:

Sexual-identity disorder

A recent study of teens in New York City found the teens MOST at risk for sexual violence and STIs had:

Both same sex and opposite sex partnets

Which developed nation has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy?

Which statement is true?

Children of young parents have more medical, educational, and social problems than children of older parents.

Child sexual abuse:

Is most common when the first signs of puberty occur

Which problem shows no signs of abating?

STIs

Those who have sexual intercourse before the age of 16 are _____ likely to catch a STI than those who begin sexual activity after age 19.

Twice as

In communities and families that forbid adolescent sex, teenagers are:

Not likely to receive medical care when they contract an STI

Teenagers have _____ rate of gonorrhea, genital herpes, and chlamydia when compared to sexually active people of other age groups.

Higher

Which statement about child sexual abuse has research shown to be false?

Most cases are reported to authorities, even if not all abusers are prosecuted

A young boy experienced ongoing sexual abuse until he was 15. Now that he is a grown man, it is likely that he:

Is depressed and has difficulty with sex or other psychosocial problems

One reason that the teenage pregnancy rate in most European nations is less than half of that in the United States may be because:

Most European schools offer sex education

Research indicates that the sexually active teens MOST apt to have an STI have parents who:

Tell their children about sex and then instruct them to avoid it

The abstinence-only sex-education program that was widely promoted in the United States in 1998 resulted in _____ sexual activity by teenagers.

No significant impact on

Compared to when they were children, many adolescents are:

Less self-confident

In general, as children become adolescents, their self-esteem:

Declines

Luis was raised to believe that he is intelligent, skilled, and protected by his family. During adolescence, he will most likely exhibit _____ in self-confidence.

A decrease

The cultural norm of familism often:

Requires family members to make sacrifices for the good of the whole

Approximately 1 in _____ adolescent girls is affected by clinical depression.

Approximately 1 in _____ adolescent boy is affected by clinical depression.

One study found that the short allele of the serotonin transporter promoter gene (5-HTTLPR) contributes to increased rates of depression in all girls, but only in boys who:

Come from low-SES backgrounds

Elyse broke up with her boyfriend after a fight. She has spent the last week repeatedly going over the fight in her mind, which has caused her to sink into depression. Her continual reliving the fight is known as:

Rumination

Suicidal ideation refers to:

Thinking about suicide

Lydia finds that she often thinks about killing herself. This is called:

Suicide ideation

Parasuicide refers to:

A suicide attempt that does not end in death

What is more common in adolescent boys than in adolescent girls?

Completed suicide

Why does the adolescent suicide rate seem worse than it actually is?

The rate, while high, is lower than in past decades

Several suicides within the same group of people in a brief period are called _____ suicides.

Cluster

Many longitudinal studies have shown that _____ anger during adolescence is normal and that most adolescents express their anger in _____ ways.

Increased; acceptable

Identify the accurate statement about adolescent crime.

Virtually every adolescent boy has broken a law by the age of 21

Arrest statistics do not accurately reflect the prevalence of adolescent delinquency because

Only about one fourth of adolescent offenders are caught

An adolescence-limited offender refers to someone who:

Stops committing crimes by age 21

An individual who commits crimes during adolescence but stops by the age of 21 is considered a(n):

Adolescence-limited offender

Life-course-persistent offenders:

May show signs of neurological impairment

According to the text, which is NOT a possible reason for the decrease in juvenile criminal behavior?

Lenient drug laws

Inhalants, which are used more by younger adolescents to get high, include:

Aerosols

Drug use before the age of 18:

Predicts later drug abuse

The two most common drugs used by adolescents are:

Tobacco and alcohol

Which statement does NOT reflect how culture and gender influence drug use?

Cigarettes, alcohol, and other drugs can impact development

Heavy drinking impairs memory and self-control by:

Damaging the hippocampus and PFC

Most drug abuse begins:

As social use

When applied to the discussion of drug abuse, the term “generational forgetting” means that:

The new generation ignores what adults have learned about the hazards of drugs

One study found that less than _____ percent of parents of 6th graders thought their children had tried alcohol, yet _____ percent of the children said they had.

1:22

Which factor has NOT contributed to a decline in the number of young adolescent smokers in the United States?

Legal smoking age