Chapter 11 - Terms & Definitions

Question 1

state of being male or female

Answer 1

gender

Question 2

an individual’s perception of themselves as male or female

Answer 2

gender identity

Question 3

widely shared beliefs about males’ and females’ abilities, personality traits, and social behaviour

Answer 3

gender stereotypes

Question 4

orientation toward action and accomplishment

Answer 4

instrumentality

Question 5

orientation toward emotion and relationships

Answer 5

expressiveness

Question 6

the belief that the male is the norm

Answer 6

androcentrism

Question 7

combining the statistical results of many studies of the same question, yielding an estimate of the size and consistency of a variable’s effects

Answer 7

meta-analysis

Question 8

one’s attitudes, beliefs and feelings about one’s body

Answer 8

body image

Question 9

minor gender differences are exaggerated by the different social roles that men and women occupy

Answer 9

social role theory

Question 10

individuals construct their own reality based on societal expectations, conditioning, and self-socialization

Answer 10

social constructionism

Question 11

right and left halves of the cerebrum, which is the convoluted outer layer of the brain

Answer 11

cerebral hemispheres

Question 12

band of fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain

Answer 12

corpus callosum

Question 13

chemical substances released into the bloodstream by the endocrine glands

Answer 13

hormones

Question 14

acquisition of the norms and roles expected of people in a particular society

Answer 14

socialization

Question 15

cultural expectations about what is appropriate behaviour for each gender

Answer 15

gender roles

Question 16

cognitive structures that guide the processing of gender-relevant information

Answer 16

gender schemas

Question 17

person’s identification with the qualities regarded as masculine or feminine

Answer 17

gender-role identity

Question 18

coexistence of both masculine and feminine personality traits in a single person

Answer 18

androgyny

Question 19

to be fully human, people need to move beyond gender roles as a way of organising their perceptions of themselves and others

Answer 19

gender-role transcendence perspective

Question 20

sense of gender identity differs from their biological sex assigned at birth

Answer 20

transgender

Question 21

discrimination against people on the basis of their gender

Answer 21

sexism

Question 22

unwelcome conduct on the basis of gender

Answer 22

sexual harassment