Chapter 11: Substance Abuse Flashcards
Define substances and substance abuse.
Substances are ingested materials that cause altered states of consciousness. There are 10 classes of substances the DSM rates for abuse.
Substance abuse is when a person consumes a substance for a significant time and grows a tolerance for a substance and thus making withdrawal difficult.
10 types of substances
alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, sedatives, stimulants, tobacco, and others (or unknown).
Describe the properties of substance abuse.
Tolerance is a person’s buildup of resistance to the substance and the thus greater amount needed to get the same high. Also, withdrawal is when a substance a person is addicted to is denied and craving results in symptoms known to include cramps, anxiety attacks, sweating, nausea, tremors, and hallucinations
Describe how substance use disorder presents.
Is a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-related problems. It causes significant life participation problems and will continue to consume despite the desire to reduce or stop consuming the substance. While the number of these symptoms may vary among individuals, only two symptoms are required for a diagnosis of substance use disorder.
What is the substance not under the DSM for substance abuse?
Caffeine which I think is BS but ok, let Starbucks jeopardize the integrity of the DSM
Describe how substance intoxication presents.
A person undergoes altered states of consciousness immediately following the consumption of a substance and has behavioral physical and psychological changes
Describe how substance withdrawal presents.
Lasting a few hours to a week, a withdrawal causes significant distress and impairment till it is done.
Define depressants and describe types.
Substances used to relax however in excess quantities can impair judgment and motor control.
Include Alcohol, barbiturates, benzos, heroin, and morphine
Alcohol stats
78% of teens report trying Alcohol
45% of college students binge drink
14% Binge drink a least 5 times per month
Define stimulants and describe types.
Increases activity of the central nervous system, increased heart rate, blood pressure, and jerky behavior.
The most common types are Caffeine, Cocaine, and Amphetamines
What are the effects of Cocaine
feelings of excitement, talkativeness, euphoria, poor muscle coordination, grandiosity, compulsive behavior, aggression, and possible hallucinations and delusions
A rapid high followed by a quick depletion that can leave a person with headaches, dizziness, and even fainting which can cause a person to ingest more
Effects of Amphetamines
Increased energy and alertness, weight loss, euphoria, and confidence. But can cause teeth rot, facial lesions, and an extremely haggard appearance. Think Robin
Common types of Amphetamines
Ritalin, Adderall, and Dexedrine for ADHD and sleep disorders. Methamphetamines
Define hallucinogens/cannabis/combination and describe types.
Produce sensory changes, delusions, and hallucinations. These drugs are not addictive however tolerances can be formed
How does Weed work?
THC binds to cannabinoid receptors in the brain to produce its psychoactive effects
Is weed a clear Hallucinogen?
Weed is hard to place because it has sedative, hallucinogen, and stimulant effects that vary from person to person
Describe the effects of using drugs in combination.
If multiple sedatives are taken such as alcohol and benzos then severe respiratory distress and even death. Consuming a stimulant and depressant is especially dangerous
What is the difference between tolerance and withdrawal?
Tolerance is the body’s resistance and the needing higher amounts of a substance. Withdrawal is the distress and discomfort experienced when a drug is deprived of a person.
Create a table listing the three types of substances abused, as well as the specific substances within each category.
Depressants: Alcohol, Sedative-Hypnotic drugs (barbiturates and benzos), Opioids (such as morphine and heroin)
Stimulants such as cocaine, Amphetamines, and Caffeine
Hallucinogens such as PCP, Ketamine, LSD, Ecstasy, and Weed (Cannabis)
What are the common factors that affect alcohol absorption?
Alcohol is absorbed into the blood via the stomach and intestine lining and causes depressive symptoms when it enters the nervous system. These effects are produced because alcohol binds itself to GABA receptors and prevents GABA’s inhibitory messages and allows the person to relax and feel less inhibition.
What are the effects of sedative-hypnotic drugs?
They have the effect of calming and relaxing effects similar to alcohol. They bind to GABA receptors and increase GABA activity thus calming the person
What receptors are responsible for increasing activity in alcohol and benzodiazepines?
GABA receptors
What is responsible for the addictive nature of opioids?
Causing both Euphoria and drowsiness, the drug produces tolerance rapidly thus increasing its addictive nature rapidly
Brief History on Opioids
-Morphine was derived from the Poppy plant and named by Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertunrer Morpheus after the Greek God of Dreams
-Frequently used during the Civil War to treat battle wounds and produced addiction quickly which became known as “Soldiers Disease”
-Heroin was derived from Morphine and made by the company Bayer as a cough suppressant (Those sick mother fuckers)
