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Biology: Meiosis > Chapter 11 study guide > Flashcards

Chapter 11 study guide Flashcards

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1
Q

Alleles

A

one of a number of different forms of genes

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2
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

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3
Q

Autosomes

A

chromosomes that is not a sex chromosome; also called autosomal chromosomes

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4
Q

Carrier

A

…

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5
Q

Codominance

A

situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed

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6
Q

Cross pollination

A

the crossing of pollen from one plant to another

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7
Q

Crossing over

A

process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

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8
Q

Dihybrid cross

A

…

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9
Q

Diploid (2n)

A

term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes

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10
Q

Dominant trait

A

an allele that is expressed even when the recessive allele is present

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11
Q

F1 (filial) generation

A

…

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12
Q

F2 generation

A

offspring of the F1

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13
Q

Fertilization

A

process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form new cells

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14
Q

Gamete

A

sex cell

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15
Q

Gene/chromosomes

A

gene: sequence of DNA that codes for protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed down from parent to offspring
chromosome: threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information; in eukaryotes, chromosomes are found in the nucleus; in prokaryotes, they are found in the cytoplasm

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16
Q

Gene linkage/linked genes

A

…

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17
Q

Gene map

A

…

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18
Q

True breeding

A

an organisms that breeds upon themselves

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19
Q

Genetics/heredity

A

…

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20
Q

Genome

A

a full set of an organisms genetic info

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21
Q

Genotype/ genotypic ratio

A

…

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22
Q

Haploid (n)

A

a cell that contains only a single set of genes

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23
Q

Heterozygous

A

having two different alleles for a particular gene

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24
Q

Homologous chromsome

A

…

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25
Q

Hybrid

A

offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

26
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele

27
Q

Karyotype

A

chromosomes that are paired together into a picture

28
Q

Principle of Dominance

A

Mendel’s second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

29
Q

Principle of Incomplete Assortment

A

…

30
Q

Principle of Segregation

A

…

31
Q

Meiosis

A

process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell

32
Q

Mendel, Gregor

A

…

33
Q

Monohybrid cross

A

…

34
Q

Morgan, Thomas Hunt

A

…

35
Q

Drosophila melanogaster

A

…

36
Q

Multiple Alleles

A

a gene that has more than two alleles

37
Q

Nondisjunction

A

…

38
Q

P (parent) Generation

A

…

39
Q

Pedigree

A

a chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationship within in a family cross several generations

40
Q

Phenotype/ phenotypic ratio

A

…

41
Q

Polygenic Trait

A

trait controlled by two or more gens

42
Q

Probability

A

likelihood that a particular event will occur

43
Q

Punnett Square

A

diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross

44
Q

Recessive Trait

A

…

45
Q

Self pollination

A

the natural pollination within itself

46
Q

Sex Chromosome (X and Y)

A

one of two chromosomes that determines an individual’s sex

47
Q

Sex-linked trait/gene

A

gene located on a sex chromosome

48
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism

49
Q

Trait

A

specific characteristic of an individual

50
Q

Variation

A

…

51
Q

X-Chromosome inactivation/ Barr Body

A

…

52
Q

Zygote

A

fertilized egg

53
Q

poly

A

many

54
Q

di

A

two

55
Q

pheno

A

to show

56
Q

hapl

A

single

57
Q

gamete

A

marriage/spouse

58
Q

mono

A

one

59
Q

homo

A

same

60
Q

hetero

A

other or different

Biology: Meiosis (4 decks)

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