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Biology: Meiosis > Chapter 11 study guide > Flashcards

Chapter 11 study guide Flashcards

1
Q

Alleles

A

one of a number of different forms of genes

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2
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

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3
Q

Autosomes

A

chromosomes that is not a sex chromosome; also called autosomal chromosomes

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4
Q

Carrier

A

…

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5
Q

Codominance

A

situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed

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6
Q

Cross pollination

A

the crossing of pollen from one plant to another

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7
Q

Crossing over

A

process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

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8
Q

Dihybrid cross

A

…

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9
Q

Diploid (2n)

A

term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes

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10
Q

Dominant trait

A

an allele that is expressed even when the recessive allele is present

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11
Q

F1 (filial) generation

A

…

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12
Q

F2 generation

A

offspring of the F1

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13
Q

Fertilization

A

process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form new cells

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14
Q

Gamete

A

sex cell

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15
Q

Gene/chromosomes

A

gene: sequence of DNA that codes for protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed down from parent to offspring
chromosome: threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information; in eukaryotes, chromosomes are found in the nucleus; in prokaryotes, they are found in the cytoplasm

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16
Q

Gene linkage/linked genes

A

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17
Q

Gene map

A

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18
Q

True breeding

A

an organisms that breeds upon themselves

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19
Q

Genetics/heredity

A

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20
Q

Genome

A

a full set of an organisms genetic info

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21
Q

Genotype/ genotypic ratio

A

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22
Q

Haploid (n)

A

a cell that contains only a single set of genes

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23
Q

Heterozygous

A

having two different alleles for a particular gene

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24
Q

Homologous chromsome

A

…

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25
Hybrid
offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
26
Incomplete dominance
situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele
27
Karyotype
chromosomes that are paired together into a picture
28
Principle of Dominance
Mendel's second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
29
Principle of Incomplete Assortment
...
30
Principle of Segregation
...
31
Meiosis
process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
32
Mendel, Gregor
...
33
Monohybrid cross
...
34
Morgan, Thomas Hunt
...
35
Drosophila melanogaster
...
36
Multiple Alleles
a gene that has more than two alleles
37
Nondisjunction
...
38
P (parent) Generation
...
39
Pedigree
a chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationship within in a family cross several generations
40
Phenotype/ phenotypic ratio
...
41
Polygenic Trait
trait controlled by two or more gens
42
Probability
likelihood that a particular event will occur
43
Punnett Square
diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross
44
Recessive Trait
...
45
Self pollination
the natural pollination within itself
46
Sex Chromosome (X and Y)
one of two chromosomes that determines an individual's sex
47
Sex-linked trait/gene
gene located on a sex chromosome
48
Sexual Reproduction
type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism
49
Trait
specific characteristic of an individual
50
Variation
...
51
X-Chromosome inactivation/ Barr Body
...
52
Zygote
fertilized egg
53
poly
many
54
di
two
55
pheno
to show
56
hapl
single
57
gamete
marriage/spouse
58
mono
one
59
homo
same
60
hetero
other or different

Biology: Meiosis (4 decks)

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