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SPHP 112 > Chapter 11 Roseberry > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Roseberry Flashcards

1
Q

Why are early life experiences important for a child?

A

Because if the child comes to kindergarten with limited oral language and minimal meta linguistic skills he/she is already behind.

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2
Q

What does research on “all day kindergarten” (www.education.com) show?

A

It shows that children can have positive impacts on social and academic skills.

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3
Q

Written language skills are based on what two factors?

A

They are based on environment and genetics.

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4
Q

In which area do genetic factors play a dominant role?

A

The development of reading.

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5
Q

When a child is struggling with reading skills, what are the questions educators ask?

A

Educators ask if there is a family history of reading difficulties from a uncle, aunt or grandparent for example.

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6
Q

What does the process of reading require?

A

It requires decontextualized (removed from the usual context) language processing and good narrative skills.

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7
Q

What do poor readers exhibit?

A

They exhibit poor narrative skills (ability to describe things and events and to tell stories).

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8
Q

In the field, what do speech therapists work on to improve reading skills?

A

Therapists build on narrative skills to improve reading ability.

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9
Q

What does decoding print mean?

A

It means to break down a word into its component sounds and then blending them together to form a recognizable word.

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10
Q

What is phonological awareness?

A

Is the knowledge of sounds and syllables and of the sound structure of words.

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11
Q

Why is PA (phonological awareness) skills essential to good reading?

A

PA skills are essential to good reading because they are the best predictor of spelling in elementary school.

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12
Q

What are some good phonological awareness skills to teach students?

A

Rhyming, identifying number of syllables in a word, identifying first and last sound of words.

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13
Q

What does Tambyraja, Farquharson, Logan, & Justice research study show regarding decoding skills in children with language impairment (2015)?

A

Study shows that phonological skills in the Fall significantly predicted Spring decoding outcomes.

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14
Q

What must a speech therapist focus on during treatment of reading skills? Why?

A

Therapists should focus on phonological skills because they impact reading ability.

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15
Q

What is morphological awareness?

A

Is the recognition, understanding and use of word parts that carry significance.

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16
Q

Why is morphological awareness important for students?

A

Because students need to understand that word prefixes, suffixes, inflections, and root words are all morphemes which can be taken away from or added to words to change their meaning.

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17
Q

How does a strong morphological awareness skill help students?

A

It helps students with decoding, spelling, comprehension, and oral language.

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18
Q

What were some of the strategies that worked in the study of morphological awareness training on reading?

A

Discussions of rules. For example: adding -ly means that an adjective becomes an adverb; and adverb is an adjective that modifies a verb.

19
Q

What are some additional examples of the study findings?

A

Word sorts. For example: stack words into piles based on affixes such as -ly and -able. Separating affixes from base words and then joining them. ex: fix+able.

20
Q

How did the skills learned in the study helped children?

A

It helped the children increase their vocabulary knowledge through using the words in different contexts.

21
Q

How is meaning constructed in reading at the basic level?

A

Meaning is actively constructed by the interaction of words and sentences with personal meanings and experiences.

22
Q

What is Dynamic literacy at the highest level ?

A

When the reader is able to relate content to other knowledge.

23
Q

What are the six factors in reading fluency (wpm)?

A
  1. Phonological awareness (how words sound)
    2 Visual Perception (ability to interpret the environment)
  2. Print awareness (how words look)
  3. Word recognition (sight words)
  4. Speed of lexical (word retrieval)
  5. Higher level language and conceptual knowledge
24
Q

What does prereading mean in reading development?

A

It is a social partnership rather than a formal instruction where parents and children read together.

25
Q

How do preschool children develop print awareness?

A
  1. Display an interest in sharing books.
  2. Know how to hold a book right side up.
  3. Identify the front and back of the book.
  4. Identify the top and bottom of a page.
  5. Look at and turn pages from left to right.
  6. Identify the tittle on the book cover.
  7. Identify tittles of favorite books.
  8. Distinguish between pictures and print on a page.
  9. Know where the story begins in the book.
  10. Identify letters that occur in their names.
26
Q

Where does formal reading instruction take place?

A

It takes place in school

27
Q

What is phonics?

A

During formal reading instruction, phonics refers to sound- letter correspondence in early grades.

28
Q

By what age do children have the knowledge to become competent readers?

A

By age 7-8 yrs.

29
Q

What is the transition students make in the 3rd grade?

A

They shift from learning to read to reading to learn.

30
Q

What do teens and adults use to build their knowledge of the world and their vocabulary?

A

They use their reading skills.

31
Q

What is the emphasis with reading and the common core standards?

A

The emphasis is morphology and critical thinking.

32
Q

What are the four major goals of Common Core?

A
  1. Create globally competitive citizens in 21st century.
  2. To prepare students for college.
  3. Create critical thinking readers who read deeply (understand and remember)
  4. Help students become responsible citizens who use evidence for deliberation.
33
Q

How many states in the US have adopted common core?

A

46 out of 50 states.

34
Q

What do the common core standards address?

A

The common core standards address English Language Arts and Math.

35
Q

What is expository reading?

A

Expository reading is non-fiction reading material that serves to inform and explain.

36
Q

What percentage of expository reading is done in elementary school?

A

15%

37
Q

What percentage of expository reading is done in college and in the workforce?

A

80%

38
Q

How will the Common Core State Standards shift the expository reading percentages?

A
  1. 50/50 at elementary level.
  2. 60/40 in middle school.
  3. 75/25 in high school.
39
Q

What does common core de-emphasize?

A

Common core de-emphasizes feelings and personal experience and demands that students present evidence for their answers and present arguments justified by the text they read.

40
Q

How does “Handwriting Without Tears” help students?

A

It helps students with difficulty in fine motor and writing skills by simplifying the writing process.

41
Q

What are the reading strategies “Before I read”?

A
  1. Look at tittle, headings and pictures.
  2. Look at any words in italics or boldface.
  3. Read summary at the end of the chapter.
42
Q

What are the reading strategies “While I read”?

A
  1. Visualize what I read; make detailed pictures in my brain.
  2. Ask myself questions about what I’m reading.
  3. Predict what will happen next.
  4. Highlight key ideas.
43
Q

What are the reading strategies “After I have read the whole thing”?

A
  1. Look at the tittle, heading and pictures again.
  2. Read over my highlights.
  3. Ask questions about what I have just read.
  4. Summarize what I have just read in my own words.

SPHP 112 (4 decks)

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