Chapter 11 Research And Quality Flashcards
What evidence sources should be used to drive the evolution and improvement of paramedics
Science and observation
Research
Evidence
What is the definition of science
Systematic observation and or experimentation to explain and predict natural phenomena, aimed at establish enlarging or confirming knowledge
What are the two types of study design
Quantitative and qualitative
What is the goal of quantitative research
The goal is to carefully observe and measure, then use the finding of observation to make inferences about some truth in the world.
What two points must be considered to understand if your inference is true?
Internal validly
-refers to the degree of confident one has that the concluding drawn are accurate or true
External validly
-refers to how well finding can be generalized to the population, events, or contexts outsid of the sample.
What is causality in reference to quantitative research
Causality is the relating of causes to the effects that they may produce.
“Ideally the best way to demonstrate causality would be to administer thromboitics in the prehospital environment, determine the patients outcome then travel back in time to the same patient- but this time withhold the thrombolitics until they reach the hospital
What are the two quantitative study designs
Experimental studies.
Observational studies
List the three types of observational studies
Cross-sectional studies
Case control studies
Cohort studies
What is a cross sectional study
Studies that are carried out in a single period of time
What is a case-control study
Often used to identify and compare factors that may contribute to the disease or injury
Participants in the case group have the disease or condition and those in the control group do not.
What is a cohort study
Cohort studies compare people who may have received a clinical intervention or had a exposure to a certain risk factor to determine if they develop a disease or condition of interest.
What is study bias
Bias is the systematic deviation of measured associations in a study from the truth in some way
What is “confounding”
It influences whether some would receive the intervention of prehospital treatment but also may cause the outcome-mortality.
Describe random error.
Random error is the error in an estimate that may exist simply due to chance.
Two types of experimental study designs
Experimental design: participants are randomly assigned to a study group
Quasi-experimental design: does not use a procedure that practices true randomization
