Chapter 11: Preschool and Educational Assessment Flashcards
Preschool Assessment
Usually between _____ months, the child becomes capable of symbolic thought and develops language skills
18 and 24
Preschool Assessment
By age 2, the average child has a vocabulary of more than _____ words
200
Tools of Preschool Assessment: Checklists and rating scales
In general, a _____ is a questionnaire on which marks are made to indicate the presence or absence of a specified behavior, thought, event, or circumstance.
_____ can cover a wide array of item content and still be relatively economical and quick to administer.
checklist
Tools of Preschool Assessment: Checklists and rating scales
Two commonly used checklists and rating scales are the:
Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Connors Rating Scales-Revised (CRS-R).
Tools of Preschool Assessment: Checklists and rating scales
A _____ may be defined as a set of co-occurring emotional and behavioral problems
syndrome
Tools of Preschool Assessment: Checklists and rating scales
The _____ has an 8-syndrome structure, with syndromes designated as (1) Anxious/Depressed, (2) Withdrawn/Depressed, (3) Somatic Complaints, (4) Social Problems, (5) Thought Problems, (6) Attention Problems, (7) Rule-Breaking Behavior, and (8) Aggressive Behavior
Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)
Tools of Preschool Assessment: Checklists and rating scales
The _____ is designed primarily to help assess ADHD and to screen for other behavior problems relating, for example, to self-esteem, mood, family function, oppositionality, anxiety, and somatization.
Connors Rating Scales-Revised (CRS-R).
Tools of Preschool Assessment: Psychological tests
Tests such as the _____, and others may be used to gauge developmental strengths and weaknesses by sampling children’s performance in cognitive, motor, and social/behavioral content areas.
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-III and (SB-5) Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales
Tools of Preschool Assessment: Psychological tests
By age _____, the child enters a challenging period for psychological assessors. Language and conceptual skills are beginning to emerge, yet the kinds of verbal and performance tests traditionally used with older children and adults are inappropriate. The attention span of the preschooler is short. Ideally, test materials are colorful, engaging, and attention-sustaining. Approximately one hour is a good rule-of-thumb limit for an entire test session with a preschooler; less time is preferable.
2
Tools of Preschool Assessment: Other measures
Many other instruments and assessment techniques are available for use with preschoolers, including interviews, case history methods, portfolio evaluation, and role-play methods.
_____ may be analyzed for insights they can provide with respect to the child’s personality.
Drawings
Tools of Preschool Assessment: Other measures
_____, a 38-item behavior checklist that may be helpful in identifying sexually abused children as young as 2 years
Child Sexual Behavior Inventory
_____ tests are designed to measure accomplishment. Achievement tests are designed to measure the degree of learning that has taken place as a result of exposure to a relatively defined learning experience.
Purpose: help school personnel make decisions about a student’s placement in a particular class, acceptance into a program, or advancement to a higher grade level
Achievement
Achievement Tests
A _____ achievement test is one that adequately samples the targeted subject matter and reliably gauges the extent to which the examinees
sound
Achievement Tests: Measures of General Achievement
Tests that cover a number of academic areas are typically divided into several subtests and are referred to as _____.
achievement batteries
Achievement Tests: Measures of General Achievement
One popular instrument appropriate for use with persons age 4 through adult is the _____.
Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-Second Edition (WIAT-II)
Achievement Tests: Measures of Achievement in Specific Subject Areas
Whereas achievement batteries tend to be standardized instruments, most measures of achievement in specific subject areas are _____ tests. Every time a teacher gives a quiz, a test, or a final examination in a course, a test in a specific subject area has been created.
teacher-made
Achievement Tests: Measures of Achievement in Specific Subject Areas
At the secondary school level, one popular battery is the _____. It consists of a series of separate achievement tests in areas as diverse as English, mathematics, literature, social studies, science, and foreign languages
Cooperative Achievement Test
Achievement Tests: Measures of Achievement in Specific Subject Areas
One type of achievement test item draws on rote memory and is usually _____ in nature
fact-based
Achievement Tests: Measures of Achievement in Specific Subject Areas
Alternatively, achievement test items can require that the respondent not only know and understand relevant facts but also be able to apply them. Because respondents must draw on and apply knowledge related to a particular concept, these types of achievement test items are referred to as _____.
conceptual in nature
Aptitude Tests
Aptitude tests end to focus more on informal learning or life experiences.
Also referred to as _____ tests, are typically used to make predictions.
prognostic
Aptitude Tests: The Elementary-School Level
The _____ are a group-administered battery that assesses the development of the reading and mathematics skills important in the early stages of formal school learning
The Metropolitan Readiness Tests (MRTs)
Aptitude Tests: The Secondary-School Level
Perhaps the most obvious example of an aptitude test widely used in the schools at the secondary level is the SAT, which until _____ went by the name Scholastic Aptitude Test.
1993
Aptitude Tests: The _____
The Graduate Record Examinations (GRE)—grad schl
The Miller Analogies Test (MAT)—relationship
Medical College Admission Test (MCAT)—med
College Level and Beyond
Aptitude Tests:
_____ encompasses an approach to exploring learning potential that is based on a test-intervention-retest model. For any age.
Dynamic Assessment
Diagnostic Tests
The term _____, as used in phrases such as evaluative purposes or evaluative information, is typically applied to tests or test data that are used to make judgments (such as pass–fail and admit–reject decisions)
evaluative
By contrast, the term _____, as used in educational contexts and phrases such as _____ purposes or diagnostic in formation, is typically applied to tests or test data used to pinpoint a student’s difficulty, usually for remedial purposes.
diagnostic
_____ tests do not necessarily provide information that will answer questions concerning why a learning difficulty exists. Other educational, psychological, and perhaps medical examinations are needed to answer that question.
Diagnostic
Diagnostic Tests: Reading Tests
This test battery is suitable for children age 5 and older and adults to age 75 and beyond. Assess reading skills
The Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests-Revised (WRMT-R)
Diagnostic Tests: Math Tests
The Stanford Diagnostic Mathematics Test, the Metropolitan Mathematics Instructional Tests, the Diagnostic Mathematics Inventory, and the KeyMath Revised: A Diagnostic Inventory of Essential Mathematics are some of the many tests that have been developed to help diagnose difficulties with _____ concepts.
arithmetic and mathematical
Other Diagnostic Tests
Two examples of group diagnostic tests are the Stanford Diagnostic Reading Test (SDRT) and the Stanford Diagnostic Mathematics Test (SDMT).
Both instruments are available in two forms, and both are divided into four overlapping levels that assess performance from grade 1 through _____. Both are considered useful screening instruments in identifying children who require more detailed and individualized assessment.
high school
_____ are test kits that generally contain two types of tests: those that measure abilities related to academic success and those that measure educational achievement in areas such as reading and arithmetic.
Data derived from these batteries allow for normative comparisons (how the student compares with other students within the same age group), as well as an evaluation of the testtaker’s own strengths and weaknesses—all the better to plan educational interventions.
Psychoeducational Test Batteries
Developed by a husband-and-wife team of psychologists, the _____ was designed for use with testtakers from age 2½ through age 12½ . Subtests measuring both intelligence and achievement are included.
The _____ intelligence subtests are divided into two groups, reflecting the two kinds of information-processing skills identified by Luria and his students: simultaneous skills and sequential skills
The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (KABC-II)
Conceptually, the grounding of the K-ABC in _____ theory of sequential versus simultaneous processing theory was expanded.
_____ asserted that complex psychological processes have systemic structure and that each form of conscious activity represents a complex functional system and takes place through the concerted working of all three brain units
Luria’s
In addition, a grounding in the _____ theory was added. This dual theoretical foundation provides the examiner with a choice as to which model of test interpretation is optimal for the particular situation.
As stated in the publisher’s promotional materials, you can choose the _____ model for children from a mainstream cultural and language background;
Cattell- Horn-Carroll (CHC)
If Crystallized Ability would not be a fair indicator of the child’s cognitive ability, then you can choose the _____ model, which excludes verbal ability. Administer the same subtests on four or five ability scales. Then, interpret the results based
Luria
The _____ is a psychoeducational test package consisting of two co-normed batteries: Tests of Achievement and Tests of Cognitive Abilities, both of which are based on the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive abilities.
as young as 2 and as old as “90＋” according to the test
manual.
Ex. used to identify exceptional children including high incidence disabilities like head injury, Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD; low incidence disabilities such as visual impairment and autism; and gifted students including those with a learning
Woodcock-Johnson III (WJ III)
Other Tools of Assessment in Educational Settings
an appraisal of growth or deterioration in learning, memory, or both during performance on ability and achievement tests.
essay questions and the development of an art project are examples
Performance assessment
Other Tools of Assessment in Educational Settings
_____ has many meanings in different contexts. It may refer to a portable carrying case, most typically used to carry artwork, drawings, maps, and the like. Bankers and investors use it as a shorthand reference to one’s financial holdings. In the language of psychological and educational assessment, _____ is synonymous with work sample.
Portfolio
Other Tools of Assessment in Educational Settings
_____ assessment (discussed subsequently) is one name given to this trend toward more performance-based assessment. When used in the context of like-minded educational programs,
Authentic
One method of obtaining information about an individual is by asking that individual’s peer group to make the evaluation. Techniques employed to obtain such information are termed _____.
Peer Appraisal Techniques
Peer Appraisal Techniques
In addition to providing information about behavior that is rarely observable, peer appraisals supply information about the _____: who takes which roles under what conditions. Knowledge of an individual’s place within the group is an important aid in guiding the group to optimal efficiency.
group’s dynamics
Peer Appraisal Techniques
The _____ technique is a method of peer appraisal in which individuals are asked to select or nominate other individuals for various types of activities
nominating
Peer Appraisal Techniques
The results of a peer appraisal can be graphically illustrated. One graphic method of organizing such data is the _____.
sociogram
Measuring Study Habits, Interests, and Attitudes
_____ Checklist, designed for use with students in grades 9 through 14, consists of 37 items that assess study habits with respect to note taking, reading material, and general study practices.
Study Habits
Measuring Study Habits, Interests, and Attitudes
_____ inventories used in educational settings assess student attitudes toward a variety of school-related factors. Interest in student attitudes is based on the premise that “positive reactions to
school may increase the likelihood that students will stay in school, develop a lasting commitment to learning, and use the school setting to advantage”
Attitude
Measuring Study Habits, Interests, and Attitudes
The _____ and the Study Attitudes and Methods Survey combine the assessment of attitudes with the assessment of study methods. The SSHA, intended for use in grades 7 through college, consists of 100 items tapping poor study skills and attitudes that could affect academic performance.
Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes (SSHA)
