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Z 2nd Exam Exercise Cardiology > Chapter 11 PowerPoint > Flashcards

Chapter 11 PowerPoint Flashcards

1
Q

What is atrial fibrillation?

A

350-450 BPM
Irregular rate, muscle is Quivering
Irritated foci depolarizing but running into each other.

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2
Q

How does atrial fibrillation appear on an ECG?

A

No clear p wave
QRS spaced irregularity

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3
Q

What is the biggest issue in atrial fibrillation?

A

Coagulation is biggest issue
Anticoagulation for more than month required before shock treatment

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4
Q

What is the treatment for atrial fibrillation?

A

Treatment: Synchronized Cardioversion
VR> 100 is Rapid VR
< 100 is Normal rate

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5
Q

What is the second most common type of SVT?

A

AV Reentrant Tachycardia (AVRT)

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6
Q

What is Wolff-Parkinson-white syndrome?

A

A type of AVRT

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7
Q

What occurs in Wolff-Parkinson-white syndrome?

A

Signal bypasses AV node and reaches Ventricle myocardium before normal signal causing pre-excitation.

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8
Q

How does Wolff-Parkinson-white syndrome appear on an ECG?

A

Note Delta Waves just before QRS

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9
Q

What is Wolff-Parkinson-white syndrome caused by?

A

Caused by a congenital bypass
“Bundle of Kent”

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10
Q

How is Wolff-Parkinson-white syndrome solved?

A

Solved with Catheter Ablation

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11
Q

Who is AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia most common in?

A

Most common in young women. Healthy hearts

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12
Q

What is the typical rate of AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia?

A

Paroxysmal – Suddenly 250 +/- 50 bpm

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of AVNRT?

A

Light headedness, dizziness SOB, chest pain/pressure, fatigue or anxiety

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14
Q

What is AVNRT often misdiagnosed as?

A

Mis-diagnosed with anxiety or panic attacks

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15
Q

What is the treatment for AVNRT?

A

Resolution of episode is on own. No treatment
Reentry refers to occurring bc of right circumstances

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16
Q

How does AVNRT appear on an ECG?

A

ECG appearance
Rapid regular Ventricular Rate
Normal width QRS complex
No visible P wave
Retrograde p waves – II, III, aVF

17
Q

AVNRT is dependent on ____ of conduction and ____ time of ____ ____?

A

AVNRT is dependent on speed of conduction and refractory time of AV node

18
Q

What are four tachycardia rhythms?

A

Ventricular Tachycardia
-Monomorphic V-Tach
-Polymorphic V-Tach
Torsades De Points
-Polymorphic V-Tach w/ prolonged QT interval
Ventricular Flutter
Ventricular Fibrillation

19
Q

What is paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia?

A

3 PVC’s in a row or < 30 sec of PVC’s
Typically will convert back to NSR w/o medical intervention

20
Q

What does VT come from?

A

VT comes from Ectopic Foci triggering Vent Depol

21
Q

How does ventricular tachycardia appear on an ECG?

A

ECG appearance
Every Beat has Wide QRS w/ T wave in opp. deflection
Each beat is symmetrical and identical
Rhythm is regular or slightly irregular.
No P waves or sparse
Rate is >100 but < 250

22
Q

What are causes of paroxysmal VT?

A

Causes: History of MI with Heart disease, Myocardial ischemia, electrolyte disturbances, Cardiomyopathy, MVP, Myocardial contusion, drug toxicity, cocaine

23
Q

V-tach signs and symptoms?

A

Signs and symptoms
Derive from decreased Cardiac Output
Hypotension, dyspnea, dizziness, lightheadedness, syncope
Chest pain or acute MI

24
Q

Treatments for V-tach?

A

Medical treatment
911
Oxygen therapy, antiarrhythmic medication, cardioversion
Ablation if VT is consistently occurring

25
Q

What is Torsade’s de pointes?

A

“Twisting around points”
QRS complex twists around isoelectric axis

Not typically a sustained run
Spontaneously terminates, recurs and degrades to Vfib
BTW VT and Vfib

26
Q

What is associated with long QT syndrome?

A

Torsade’s de pointes

27
Q

What is torsade’s de pointes generated by?

A

Generated from multiple foci in ventricles
QRS changes from Beat to Beat
Asymmetrical bc alternating in shape, height, and width

28
Q

What are causes of torsade’s de pointes?

A

Cause
-Electro-disturbances
-Hypomagnesemia
-Hypokalemia
Medications
-Antiarrhythmics
-Tricyclic antidepressants
-Antibiotics (erythromycin

29
Q

Treatment for torsade’s de pointes?

A

Treat Immediately : Defibrillator after pushing magnesium therapy.

30
Q

Describe ventricular flutter?

A

250-350 BPM
Deadly and ineffective rhythm
1 foci in ventricle is irritated creating concurrent ventricular depolarization
No P waves
No BP
No Treatment but shock
Cannot self resolve

31
Q

Describe ventricular fibrillation?

A

Rapid Arrythmia 400+/- 50
No organized depol or repol of ventricles
Quivering
No identifiable wave forms….. Chaotic electrical activity
No organized contraction of LV = no Cardiac Output = unconscious and pulseless patient
Defib required

EMERGENCY – deadly rhythm
350-450BPM Irregular
NO PULSE
NO BREATH
NO BLOOD PRESSURE
Bigger irregular scribble
No QRS complex

Shock advised!!!
Non synchronized cardioversion

Z 2nd Exam Exercise Cardiology (6 decks)

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