Chapter 11 Part 1

Question 1

weather

Answer 1

day to day fulctuations of the atmosphere in some location

Question 2

climate

Answer 2

long-term aggregate of weather patterns in a region

Question 3

4 elements that compose the atmosphere

Answer 3

nitrogen gas, oxygen gas, argon, carbon dioxide

Question 4

% of nitrogen gas

Answer 4

78

Question 5

% of oxygen gas

Answer 5

21

Question 6

% of argon

Answer 6

1

Question 7

% of carbon dioxide

Answer 7

0.039

Question 8

air is a ______ of gases

Answer 8

mixture

Question 9

variable components of the atmosphere

Answer 9

water vapor, aerosols, ozone

Question 10

water vapor

Answer 10

• as much as 4% of air volume (temperature dependent)
• absorbs heat energy from Earth
• greenhouse gas

Question 11

aerosols

Answer 11

• tiny solid and liquid particles that are suspended in the atmosphere
• reflect/scatter light from the sun
• act as surfaces where water vapor can condense

Question 12

ozone location is (uniform/not uniform)?

Answer 12

not uniform

Question 13

dominant location of ozone

Answer 13

stratosphere

Question 14

how is ozone created?

Answer 14

when single atom of oxygen and molecule of oxygen collinde in the presence of a third, neutral molecule that acts as a catalyst

Question 15

Atmospheric pressure

Answer 15

the weight of air over some area

Question 16

atmospheric pressure at sea level

Answer 16

<1000 millibars

14.7 lbs/in^2

Question 17

Pressure _______ as altitude _____

Answer 17

decreases, increases

Question 18

1/2 of the atmosphere by mass is found within

Answer 18

3.5 miles (5.6 km) of sea level

Question 19

90% of the atmosphere is within

Answer 19

10 miles (16 km)

Question 20

chloroflourocarbons

Answer 20

most significant of the offending chemicals to the ozone layer

Question 21

troposphere

Answer 21

• bottom layer we live in
• temperature decreases with an increase in altitude
• region where air “turns over”

Question 22

environmental lapse rate

Answer 22

temperature decrease in the troposphere

Question 23

radiosonde

Answer 23

an instrument package that is attached to a balloon and transmits data by radio as it ascends through the atmosphere

Question 24

mesosphere

Answer 24

colder region in the atmosphere

Question 25

mesopause

Answer 25

where the coldest temperatures anywhere in the atmosphere occur

Question 26

thermosphere

Answer 26

fourth layer that has extremely high temperatures

Question 27

Temperature is defined in terms of

Answer 27

the average speed at which molecules move

Question 28

Insolation stands for

Answer 28

incoming solar radiation

Question 29

rotation

Answer 29

Earth rotates around its axis

Question 30

revolution

Answer 30

Earth revolves around the sun

Question 31

circle of illumination

Answer 31

line separating the dark half of Earth from the lighted half

Question 32

As a result of the changing sun angle during the year, we

Answer 32

receie different intensities of light and different lengths to our days

Question 33

March 21, 22

Answer 33

vertical rays strike the equator

spring equinox in N. Hemisphere, fall equinox in S. Hemisphere

Question 34

June 21, 22

Answer 34

vertical rays of the Sun strike 23 1/2 degrees north latitude
summer solstice in N. Hemisphere and winter solstice in S. Hemisphere

Question 35

Sept. 22, 23

Answer 35

vertical rays strike the equator

fall equinox in N. Hemisphere, spring equinox in S. Hemisphere

Question 36

Dec. 21, 22

Answer 36

vertical rays strike 23 1/2 degrees south latitude; winter solstice in N. Hemisphere, summer solstice in S. Hemisphere

Question 37

the farther north you are on June 21, the longer

Answer 37

period of daylight

Question 38

energy

Answer 38

capacity to do work

Question 39

heat is synonymous to

Answer 39

thermal energy

Question 40

heat

Answer 40

energy possessed by a material arising from the internal motions of its atoms or molecules

Question 41

temperature

Answer 41

average kinetic energy of the material’s atoms or molecules

Question 42

heat generally refers to

Answer 42

quantity of energy present

Question 43

temperature generally refers to the

Answer 43

intensity, or degree of “hotness”

Question 44

conduction

Answer 44

heat transfer via direct contact/molecular collision

Question 45

good conductors

Answer 45

metals

Question 46

conduction is only important between

Answer 46

Earth’s surface and the air directly in contact with the surface

Question 47

convection

Answer 47

mass movement or circulation in a substance (usually vertical)

Question 48

where does convection take place?

Answer 48

in fluids

Question 49

radiation

Answer 49

travel of radiant energy (waves) through space

Question 50

radiation travels through the

Answer 50

vacuum of space

Question 51

radio waves

Answer 51

longest wavelengths, least powerful

Question 52

gamma waves

Answer 52

shortest wavelengths, most powerful

Question 53

Basic laws governing radiation

Answer 53

1) All objects, at whatever temperature, emit radiant energy
2) Hotter objects radiate more total energy per unit area than colder objects.
3) The hotter the radiating body, the shorter wavelength of maximum radiation.
4) Objects that are good absorbers of radiation are also good emitters

Question 54

gasas are ______ absorbers and radiators

Answer 54

selective