Chapter 11 - Paleoanthropology: Reconstructing Early Hominin Behavior And Ecology

Question 1

A pattern of evolution in which the rate of evolution in one functional system varies from that in other systems

Answer 1

Mosaic Evolution

Question 2

Behavioral aspects of human adaptation

Answer 2

Culture

Question 3

Evolutionary group sharing a single ancestor

Answer 3

Monophyletic

Question 4

All great apes and humans

Answer 4

Hominid

Question 5

Extant and extinct humans

Answer 5

Hominin

Question 6

Study of ancient humans

Answer 6

Paleoanthropology

Question 7

Objects made for use by hominins

Answer 7

Artifact

Question 8

Study of how bones and other materials came to be buried and preserved

Answer 8

Taphonomy

Question 9

Environmental setting

Answer 9

Context

Question 10

Tells if something is older or younger, not by how much

Answer 10

Relative dating

Question 11

Gives an estimate in actual number of years

Answer 11

Chronometric or absolute dating

Question 12

Study of the sequential layering of deposits

Answer 12

Stratigraphy

Question 13

States that a lower stratum is older than a higher stratum

Answer 13

Principle of superposition

Question 14

Method of relative dating which applies only to bones

Answer 14

Fluorine analysis

Question 15

1-5 million-year range

Answer 15

Potassium-Argon method

Question 16

Wider chronological range, smaller samples

Answer 16

Argon-Argon method

Question 17

Measuring dates of rock matrix

Answer 17

Uranium-Lead

Question 18

1000-75000 years, accuracy reduced for materials 40000+ y/o

Answer 18

Carbon-14

Question 19

Time period in which one half of the ampunt of radioactive isotope is converted chemically to a daughter isotope

Answer 19

Half-life

Question 20

Technique of dating materials that were heated

Answer 20

Thermoluminescence

Question 21

Measuring trapped electrons (dental enamel)

Answer 21

Electron spin resonance (esr)

Question 22

Relies on radioactive decay of short-lived uranium isotopes

Answer 22

Uranium series dating

Question 23

Dating based on evolutionary changes

Answer 23

Faunal correlation or biostratigraphy

Question 24

Dating method based on shifting magnetic poles

Answer 24

Paleomagnetism

Question 25

Stones suitably sized and shaped to be further worked into tools

Answer 25

Blanks

Question 26

Fragment removed from the core

Answer 26

Flake

Question 27

Stone reduced by flake removal

Answer 27

Core

Question 28

Stone tools

Answer 28

Lithic

Question 29

People who make stone tools

Answer 29

Knappers

Question 30

Striking a core or flake with hammerstone

Answer 30

Direct percussion

Question 31

Small stone tools

Answer 31

Microliths

Question 32

Removing flakes by pointed implements

Answer 32

Pressure flaking

Question 33

Polishes, striations, microscopic changes

Answer 33

Microwear

Question 34

Microscopic silica structure formed in the cells of many plants

Answer 34

Phytoliths

Question 35

An interpretation that links simple environmental changes directly to a major evolutionary shift

Answer 35

Environmental determinism

Question 36

Isotopes of carbon produced in plants

Answer 36

Stable carbon isotopes