Chapter 11 - Motivating Employees Flashcards
Frederick Taylor
The Father of Scientific Management
Scientific Management
studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques
Time-motion studies
tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task
Principle of Motion Economy
every job can be broken down into a series of elementary motions
Elton Mayo and the Hawthorne Studies
The Hawthorne studies’ results encouraged researchers to study human motivation and the managerial styles that lead to more productivity.
The Hawthorne Effect
the tendency for people to behave differently when they know they’re being studied.
Motivation and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological: Basic survival needs such as the need for food, water and shelter.
Safety: The need to feel secure at work and at home.
Social: The need to feel loved, accepted, and part of the group.
Esteem: The need for recognition and acknowledgment from others, as well as self-respect and a sense of status or importance.
Self-Actualization: The need to develop to one’s fullest potential.
Motivators
job factors that cause employees to be productive and give them satisfaction.
Hygiene (maintenance) factors
job factors that can cause dissatisfaction if missing but that do not necessarily motivate employees if increased.
Job Enrichment
a motivational strategy that emphasizes motivating the worker through the job itself.
Job Enlargement
a job enrichment strategy that extends the work cycle by adding related tasks to the job description.
Job Rotation
a job enrichment strategy that involves moving employees from one job to another.
Five Characteristics of Work that are Important in Affecting Individual Motivation and Performance
Skill variety Task identity Task significance Autonomy Feedback
Goal-setting theory
Management by Objectives (MBO): a system of goal setting and implementation that involves a cycle of discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives among top-and middle-managers, supervisors, and employees
Expectancy theory
the amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their expectations of the outcome.
