Chapter 11: Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
Mendel studied inheritance in ___?
-pea plants
Mendel’s peas: What three things did he note in the pea plants he studied ?
- many varieties 2. distinct heritable characteristics 3. different traits
Mendel’s peas: Mendel cross pollinated what kind of breeding pea varieties?
- true breeding
Mendel’s peas: What kind of breeding are the Parental generations?
- true breeding
Mendel’s peas: How would you describe the F1 generation offspring from the crossing of the P1’s?
- hybrid
Mendel’s peas: F1 hybrids will ____ to produce the F2 generation?
- self pollinate
Mendel’s peas: Quantitative analysis of the F2 generation of plants revealed two fundamental principles of heredity which were what?
- law of segregation 2. law of independent assortment
Principle of uniformity encompasses what kind of breeding?
true breeding/pure breeding
What is cross fertilization called?
cross
What is self fertilization called?
selfing
Monohybrid cross?
A monohybrid cross is a mating between individuals who have different alleles at one genetic locus of interest. The character being studied in a monohybrid cross are governed by two alleles for a single locus.
What is a reciporical cross?
In genetics, a reciprocal cross is a breeding experiment designed to test the role of parental sex on a given inheritance pattern.[1] All parent organisms must be true breeding to properly carry out such an experiment. In one cross, a male expressing the trait of interest will be crossed with a female not expressing the trait. In the other, a female expressing the trait of interest will be crossed with a male not expressing the trait…aka reciporical
Genotype?
genetic constituiton of an organism
phenotype?
- an observable trait or set of traits (structural and functional) of an organism produced by the interaction between its genotype and the environment.
The characteristics of an individual are called?
- traits/characters which are heritable…they are transmitted from generation to generation….these are under the control of genes.
Genotypes+phenotype+enivronment???
- genotype only gives the potential for developing a particular phenotype (range) and the extent to which one exhibits it is determined by an interaction with the environment which places it on that range.
- relevence of the environment varies
True breeding or pure breeding strains?
- strains in which the trait under investigation remained unchanged from parent to offspring for many generations
Recessive alleles?
Dominant alleles?
- the phenotype of these alleles only show up if the organism is a double homozygous for these alleles
- the phenotype of these alleles will be expressed as long as one is present thereby masking the recessive allele…it can also be present homozygously
Homozygous vs heterozygous for an allele?
- individuals that contain two copies of the same specific allele of a gene are said to be this for that gene.
- individuals that have two different alleles of a particular gene are said to be this.
What the heck is a punnett square?Do you even know?
The Punnett square is a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment