Chapter 11 - Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is an Alkane?
What is an Alkene?
What are Alkynes?
What is an Alcohol?
A Hydrocarbon with single bonds with the general formula CnH2n+2
A Hydrocarbon with a double bond with the general formula CnH2n
A Hydrocarbon with a triple bond
A Hydrocarbon contain a OH bond with the general formula CnH2nOH
What is the General Formula?
What is the Empirical Formula?
What is the Molecular Formula?
An algebraic formula for any member in a family of compounds e.g. CnH2n+2
Simplified ratio of elements in a compound e.g. C2H6 is CH3 in its empirical formula
The actual number of elements in a compound that corresponds to the compounds Mr
What is the Structural Formula?
What is the Displayed Formula?
What is the Skeletal Formula?
Shows the location of chemical bonds on elements in a compound e.g. CH3CH2CH2OH
A plain which shows where chemical bonds are formed in a diagram
Represents 1 Carbon by one point on a line, which indicated the Hydrogens on that Carbon, as well as show the functional group on each Carbon as well
What are the features of Carbon?
4 outer electrons, therefore maximum of 4 bonds
C - C have strong covalent bonds and are non-polar
What does Organic mean?
A compound which has a high proportion of Carbon atoms
(Nomenclature) What are roots?
Indicated the longest number of Hydrocarbons in a continuous chain
Meth - 1 Carbon
Eth - 2 Carbon
Prop - 3 Carbon
But - 4 Carbon
Pent - 5 Carbon
Hex - 6 Carbon
(Nomenclature) What are syllables?
States whether a molecule has single/double bonds
-ane - Single Bond
-ene - Double Bond
(Nomenclature) What are Prefixes?
Describes the sub chains on a compound, what functional group is formed on a Carbon
CH3 Alkyl - Methyl-
C2H5 Alkyl - Ethyl-
C3H7 Alkyl - Propyl-
Halogens - Flouro- , Bromo-, Chloro-, Iodo-
(Nomenclature) What are Suffixes?
Added to the end
Alcohols have the suffix -ol
(Nomenclature) What is a locant?
Describes what Carbon a functional group is formed on
If the locant is on 1st Carbon, it isn’t stated
What is the Homologous Series?
A family of organic compounds with the same functional group, similar chemical properties but different in length
What is a Functional Group?
An element or compound that bonds onto a Hydrocarbons
Similar Functional Group have similar Chemical Properties, Prefixes/Suffixes
What is an Isomer?
2 Compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms
What is a Structural Isomer?
What is a Chain Isomer?
What is a Position Isomer?
What is a Functional Group Isomer?
Isomer where the compounds atoms are arranged different, giving a different displayed formula
Structural Isomer where the compound can shorten to create a sub/side-chain
Structural Isomer where the locant/Functional Group is somewhere else
Structural Isomer where the Functional Groups differ e.g. Butene and Cyclobutane
What is a Stereoisomer?
What is an E/Z Isomer?
Isomer with same molecular formula but different arrangements in space around a Double Bond, only on Alkenes
2 Stereoisomers where one is a E Isomer and the other being a Z isomer
