chapter 11 flashcards
What are the two main types of feedback in movement learning?
1.Inherent (Intrinsic) Feedback: Naturally available in the environment.
2.Augmented (Extrinsic) Feedback: Added to the learning environment.
What is augmented feedback, and why is it important in learning?
Augmented feedback is extra information a teacher gives to help you learn. They can:
1.Decide when to give it or not.
2.Share it in different ways (like words or visuals).
3.Time it to help you learn better.
What is Knowledge of Performance (KP)?
Knowledge of Performance (KP) is feedback about how you moved during an action. It focuses on what you did, like your technique, not whether you succeeded.
What is the “guidance hypothesis” in learning and feedback?
The guidance hypothesis says that too much help, like feedback or physical guidance, can make learners rely on it too much. If the help is taken away, their performance might get worse because they haven’t learned to do it on their own. To fix this, feedback should be given in a way that helps them become independent.
What does “precision of feedback” mean?
Precision of feedback refers to how detailed and accurate the feedback is when describing the movement or outcome.
What does “absolute frequency of feedback” mean?
Absolute frequency of feedback is the total number of times feedback is given to a learner during a set of practice trials.
What does “relative frequency of feedback” mean?
Relative frequency of feedback refers to the percentage of trials that receive feedback.
What is the “faded feedback method” in the Winstein and Schmidt (1990) study?
The faded feedback method involves giving learners feedback at high frequencies (close to 100%) early in practice to help guide them toward the correct movement goal. Over time, the feedback frequency is gradually reduced to encourage independent performance.
What is “bandwidth feedback”?
Bandwidth feedback is a method where feedback is given based on whether the learner’s performance meets a preset standard. If the performance is within an acceptable range, no feedback is given. If it’s outside the range, feedback is provided. This method combines both qualitative and quantitative feedback and often uses a fading approach to reduce feedback frequency.
What is “summary feedback” and how does it affect learning?
Summary feedback involves giving feedback after several trials instead of after each trial. Research shows that while it may not be as effective for performance during practice, learners who receive summary feedback perform better in retention tests compared to those who receive feedback after every trial.
What is “average feedback” and how does it differ from summary feedback?
Average feedback is a variation of summary feedback where learners receive feedback after several trials, but instead of a detailed summary of each trial, they get the average score of those trials. This approach provides a broader overview of performance, rather than specific details for each trial.
What are the “feedback delay interval” and “postfeedback delay interval”?
1.Feedback delay interval: The time between the completion of a movement and when feedback is provided.
2.Postfeedback delay interval: The time between receiving feedback and starting the next movement.
What is error amplification and how does it affect learning?
Error amplification is a method where learners are intentionally encouraged to make errors in their practice. While it may seem counterproductive, recent research suggests that it can have a positive impact on learning by forcing learners to correct their mistakes, leading to better long-term retention and skill development.
What is the difference between “instantaneous feedback” and “concurrent feedback”?
Instantaneous feedback is given after the movement has finished, while concurrent feedback is provided during the movement. Instantaneous feedback is often used when the movement is completed too quickly for concurrent feedback to be effective.
