chapter 10 flash cards
What is self-regulation in learning, and why is it important?
Self-regulation is giving learners control over some parts of their practice. While it may not always improve performance immediately, research shows it boosts motivation and supports better long-term learning.
What is observational learning?
Observational learning is when a learner gains information by watching someone else’s performance. This can include visual aids like images, videos, live demonstrations, or modeling by an instructor or peers.
What is mental practice in learning?
Mental practice involves thinking about a skill, rehearsing steps in order, imagining performing the actions, and anticipating the sensations (like sounds or movements) that come from completing the action successfully.
What is the difference between massed practice and distributed practice?
- Massed practice: Provides little to no rest between trials (e.g., 30-second trial with 5 seconds or no rest).
- Distributed practice: Provides longer rest periods, often equal to or longer than the trial duration (e.g., a 30-second trial with 30 seconds of rest).
What is the difference between constant practice and variable practice?
1.Constant practice: Learners practice only one version of a task (e.g., one football passing distance).
2.Variable practice: Learners practice multiple versions of a task (e.g., varying football passing distances).
Both groups get the same practice time but differ in how much variability they experience.
What are blocked practice and random practice, and how do they affect learning?
1.Blocked practice: Focuses on repetitive practice of one skill at a time (e.g., practicing the same drill repeatedly).
2.Random practice: Mixes different skills or tasks in a random order (e.g., switching drills unpredictably).
The difference in their effects is called the contextual-interference effect, which highlights how random practice often leads to better long-term learning despite being harder during practice.
What is the elaboration hypothesis?
The elaboration hypothesis suggests that making tasks more meaningful and distinct helps create stronger, longer-lasting memories, improving performance in retention and transfer tests.
What is the forgetting hypothesis?
The forgetting hypothesis suggests that forgetting can actually benefit learning by encouraging relearning and strengthening memory over time.
