Chapter 1 Flashcards
Information Processing model
Closed skills and Open skills are on a continuum. Please describe the environment on this continuum
Open skills have a unpredictable environment
in the middle there is a semipredictable environment
Closed skills have a predictable environment
Example of a Closed skill
typing, gymnastics, shooting a free throw
Example of a Open Skill
Playing football, soccer, wrestling
Example of a skill in the middle of the open to closed spectrum
Nascar driving, steering a car, playing chess
Discrete-Serial-Continuous Skills are on a __________________. Describe it.
Continuum
On one end is discrete skills that have a distinct beginning and end.
In the middle are serial skills. these are discrete linked together.
On the end is continuous skills and these actions have no discrete beginning or end.
Examples of Discrete
Throwing a dart
Shooting a gun
Flipping a light switch
Examples of Serial
Gymnastics routine
Assembly line work
Hammering a nail
Example of Continuous
Steering a cart
swimming
running
tracking a task
The Information Processing Model uses what 3 processes?
- Executive System
- Effector System
- Feedback System
Skills different than movement because
movements don’t necessarily have a specific goal. For example, I might be able to wiggle my arms but it doesn’t achieve anything - I need to be able to do this to swim though. So the movement helps me with this skill.
If someone is said to be a ‘skilled shooter’ or a ‘skilled player’ it means
That person is able to perform the goal with maximum certainty
what does it mean to perform a skill with
“maximum certainty”
They can reliably achieve their goal. You were a skilled 3 point shooter because you could be relied on to score for your team. I was certain you would score almost always. I was almost certain you would make the shot
Skills involve achieving some well defined goal by:
1.
2.
3.
Skills involve achieving some well defined goal by:
1. maximize certainty that you achieve the goal
2.minimize physical and/or mental energy required to do it
3.minimized time used
Critical elements to almost every skill:
1.
2.
3.
Critical elements to almost every skill:
1. perceive or notice the environmental info needed
2.DEcide what to do, where and when to do it
3.Organize muscular activity to generate the movements to achieve the goal
A major problem for the study of skills is….
example of this problem
is the fact that the several components of skill are studied by widely different groups of scientists, often with little overlap and communication among them.
ex: neuroscientists study senses and perception involved in skills while another group of physio therapists might be studying muscles involved in a movement so the two groups don’t combine their research even though both are required for the skills to be performed.
Is the order of the movements important for a serial skill to be effective? example
Yes. you typically have to complete the steps in order to achiever your goal. example: a manual transmission car - you have to move your arm with precisely timed foot movements to get to the gear you want. If the timing is wrong you will not achieve your goal.
example of a fine motor skill
cuts made by a brain surgeo require fine motor skills,
Typing is a fine motor skill
example of a gross motor skill
Throwing a ball - uses several large muscle groups
Power lifting
Self-paced skills (internal) are _____________________________________
These skills tend to be more towards the ___________ end of the environmental continuum
Self-paced skills (internal) are controlled by the performer.
These skills tend to be more towards the closed end of the environmental continuum
Externally paced skills are controlled _________________________________________
In most cases the __________________ controls the rate of performance
Externally paced skills are controlled by the environment. They include a decision and a reaction. In most cases the opponent controls the rate of performance.
Example of externally paced
in soccer the defender closes down the centre forward, and this causes a decision to be made of either shooting or passing.
Example of self paced
The performer decides on when to execute the skill, such as in athletics, when throwing the javelin, or in gymnastics when vaulting.
