Chapter 11 (emotions)

Question 1

Ekman’s theory of emotion **

Answer 1

-there are 6 universal emotions across cultures: happy, sad, fearful, disgusted, surprised, angry

Question 2

Facial Action Coding System **

Answer 2

1. Analyzes facial movements
2. codes muscles involved in any facial expression (action units)

**every action unit codes for a specific facial muscle movement

Question 3

Process of threat/fear conditioning, along with US, CS, UCR, etc. **

Answer 3

• UCS + CS = UCR and over time = CS
• foot shock + tone = learning that there is an association between am auditory tone and a foot shock = freezing = freezing when hearing tone
• UCS: shock
• CS: tone
• UCR: fear response when hearing tone

Question 4

The effects of amygdala and hippocampal damage on cued-threat conditioning **

Answer 4

• hippocampal damage: palms sweat, but cannot tell the shock is coming (HM)
• hippocampal and amygdala damage: palms do not sweat, but can tell shock is coming (SM)

Question 5

What might explain patient SM’s inability to perceive fear expressions **

Answer 5

• damage to amygdala which is required to perceive particular emotional expressions
• she doesn’t look at the eyes

Question 6

What circumstances lead SM to feel afraid and make her palms sweat **

Answer 6

• damage to hippocampus and amygdala

- inhalation of CO2/ induced panic

Question 7

the amygdala is involved in threat-processing, but it is NOT ____________ **

Answer 7

specific to fear learning

Question 8

autonomic fear response brain regions

Answer 8

lateral hypothalamus (increased heart rate, blood pressure, etc)

Question 9

behavioral fear response brain regions

Answer 9

periaqueductal gray matter (PAG): freezing

Question 10

hormonal fear response brain regions

Answer 10

paraventricular nucleus (PVN): ACTH, glucocorticoid secretion