chapter 11 - emotion

Question 1

what are emotions

Answer 1

mental states or feeling associated with our evolution of our experiences

Question 2

negative emotions

Answer 2

narrow attention, become hyperfocused

Question 3

positive emotion

Answer 3

broaden thinking, encourage exploration and skill learning

Question 4

eliciting stimuli

Answer 4

internal or external, thing that sets off emotion

Question 5

cognitive appraisal

Answer 5

name or reason to emoition

Question 6

effect of culture

Answer 6

cultural similarities for basic emotions, cultural differences for more complex emotions

Question 7

physiological responses (subcortical)

Answer 7

amygdala: stress, fear, anxiety, when off is when happy
hippocampus: memories
hypothalamus: hormones, emotions

Question 8

physiological responses (cortical)

Answer 8

cerebral cortex (front), ability to regulate emotions

Question 9

dual pathway of emotion

Answer 9

thalamus sends sensory input along two independent neural pathways, one to amygdala and one to cerebral cortex

Question 10

hemispheric activation

Answer 10

left is associated with positive emotions, right associated with negative

Question 11

hierarchy of emotions

Answer 11

universal: innate, appear first
basic: toddlers, appear later
subtle: influenced by culture, maturing

Question 12

discrete emotions theory

Answer 12

humans experience a small number of distinct emotions, even if they combine in complex ways

Question 13

cognitive theories of emotion

Answer 13

emotions are products of thinking, no discrete emotions, includes james-lange and cannon-bard, somatic marker, and two-factor theory

Question 14

james lange theory

Answer 14

emotions result from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli

Question 15

cannon-bard theory

Answer 15

an emotion provoking event leads simultaneously to an emotional and bodily reaction

Question 16

somatic marker theory

Answer 16

we use gut reactions to gauge how we should act

Question 17

two factor theory

Answer 17

emotions are produced by an undifferentiated arousal with an attribution of that arousal

Question 18

facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 18

more likely to feel emotions that correspond to your facial features

Question 19

motivation

Answer 19

process that influences goal-directed behaviour

Question 20

instinct theory

Answer 20

inherited predisposition to behave a certain way in response to certain stimuli

Question 21

drive theory

Answer 21

physiological disruptions to homeostasis produce drives, drive pushes organisms into action

Question 22

incentive theories

Answer 22

something that motivates or encourages an organism to do something, provides a pull toward a goal

Question 23

types of motication

Answer 23

intrinsic and extrinsic

Question 24

intrinsic motivation

Answer 24

performing an activity for its own sake

Question 25

extrinsic motivation

Answer 25

performing an activity to obtain external reward or avoid punishment

Question 26

psychodynamic theory

Answer 26

freud, impulses want to be expressed, defenses kept at bay, produces energy that needs to be released, strongest drives = sex and agression