chapter 11 - augmented feedback Flashcards
inherent feedback
information provided as a natural consequence of making an action
-proprioception, vestibular, visual
augmented feedback
- extrinsic feedback
- info form the measured performance outcome that is fed back to the learner by some artificial means
knowledge of results (KR) - def
- type of augmented feedback
- info about the success of the action with respect to the environmental goal
what are the two types of augmented feedback
1) KR
2) KP
why do learners NEED some form of KR?
if you don’t know whether you achieved desired state, you can’t modify movement (comparator)
knowledge of performance (KP) - def
- kinematic feedback
- augmented info about the movement pattern the learner has just made
what are the 3 similarities between KR and KP
1) verbal (or verbalized)
2) augmented
3) provided after movement (usually)
what are the 4 differences between KR and KP
1) KR - info about goal outcome; KP - info about movement pattern
2) KR - often redundant with inherent feedback; KP - usually distinct from inherent feedback
3) KR - usually provided as a score; KP - usually kinematic info
4) KR - often used in lab research; KP - provided in everyday activities
what are 4 functions of augmented feedback?
1) motivation
2) attentional focus
- external
3) information
- what learner doesn’t otherwise have
4) dependency
- not good
how does augmented feedback help motivation?
indirectly: relatively frequent feedback helps learner stay engaged
directly: providing feedback after a good trial may be more beneficial than after a bad trial
- telling them what not to do doesn’t tell them what they should do
augmented feedback: information
- feedback relays info
- helps direct learner’s focus
- modify future performance
augmented feedback: attentional focus
- external focus beneficial
- knowledge of results makes us focus externally
- KP makes us focus internally (using analogies can give KP while still promoting external focus)
augmented feedback: dependency
- learner can use info from instructor to keep errors to a minimum
- but we also need to develop our own error detecting mechanisms
guidance hypothesis - def
the learner can become dependent on augmented feedback, so that he uses this augmented source of info instead of internally generated processes to keep the movement on target
-on a retention test where feedback is removed, performance will decrease
what are 4 modalities of augmented feedback?
1) verbal
2) video replay
3) kinematic models
4) biofeedback
what are the two types of verbal KP
1) descriptive KP
- what happened
- enough info for most experts
2) prescriptive KP
- what happened AND what to do about it
- best for beginners
precision of feedback - def
the level of accuracy with which the feedback describes the movement or outcome
how much precision should you include in feedback?
- dependent on learner’s skill
- early practice - learner’s errors are so large that precise info doesn’t matter
- much more precise at higher skill level
biofeedback - def
- feedback about bodily processes
- ex: HR, EMG activity
video feedback is good for beginners
true or false?
false, might be too much info
-providing video feedback and giving cues is better (not for beginners)
absolute frequency of feedback vs relative frequency
- absolute: total number
- relative: percentage
what are 4 techniques used to reduce feedback frequency?
1) faded feedback
2) bandwidth feedback
3) summary/average augmented feedback
4) self-selected frequency
blank trials, aka trials without feedback, are ineffective for learning
true or false?
false
faded feedback - def
- learner is given feedback at high relative frequencies in early practice - guides learner strongly towards movement goal
- gradual decrease in relative frequency of feedback
