Chapter 11 Agriculture Vocab

Question 0

Any plant gathered from the field is a harvest during a particular season

Answer 0

Crop

Question 1

The deliberate effort to modify a portion of earths surface to the cultivation of crops in the raising of livestock for sustenance gain

Answer 1

Agriculture

Question 2

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

Answer 2

Agricultural revolution

Question 3

Plants become adapted to humans in their environment

Answer 3

Plant domestication

Question 4

Animals become adapted to humans and their environment

Answer 4

Animal domestication

Question 5

Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm

Answer 5

Commercial agriculture

Question 6

Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmers family

Answer 6

Subsistence agriculture

Question 7

A grass that yield screen for food

Answer 7

Cereal

Question 8

The amount of food that in individual consumes, measured in kilocalories

Answer 8

Dietary energy consumption

Question 9

Physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life

Answer 9

Food security

Question 10

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals

Answer 10

Pastoral nomadism

Question 11

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures

Answer 11

Transhumance

Question 12

Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land use for grazing

Answer 12

Pasture

Question 13

Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris

Answer 13

Slash and burn agriculture

Question 14

A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left follow for a relatively long period

Answer 14

Shifting cultivation

Question 15

A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning

Answer 15

Swidden

Question 16

A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land

Answer 16

Intensive subsistence agriculture

Question 17

Rice planted on dryland in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth

Answer 17

Wet rice

Question 18

A flooded field for growing rice

Answer 18

Sawah (paddy)

Question 19

Harvesting twice a year from the same field

Answer 19

Double cropping

Question 20

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil

Answer 20

Crop rotation

Question 21

A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country

Answer 21

Plantation

Question 22

Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations

Answer 22

Agribusiness

Question 23

Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a middle English word meaning bartering or exchange of commodities

Answer 23

Truck farming

Question 24

The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied

Answer 24

Milkshed

Question 25

Higher units of labor per square land area

Answer 25

Intensive agriculture

Question 26

Small inputs of labor per square land area

Answer 26

Extensive agriculture

Question 27

We planted in the autumn and harvested in the early summer

Answer 27

Winter wheat

Question 28

We planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer

Answer 28

Spring wheat

Question 29

A machine that cuts cereal grain standing in a field

Answer 29

Reaper

Question 30

A machine that reaps,threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field

Answer 30

Combine

Question 31

The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers

Answer 31

Horticulture

Question 32

A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area

Answer 32

Ranching

Question 33

Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as extensive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. Also known as semiarid land degradation

Answer 33

Desertification

Question 34

The most productive farmland

Answer 34

Prime agricultural land

Question 35

The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions

Answer 35

Aquaculture (aquacarming)

Question 36

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technologies, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers

Answer 36

Green Revolution

Question 37

Farming methods that preserve long term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides

Answer 37

Sustainable agriculture