Chapter 11 Flashcards
Properties of the hair and scalp
Alopecia
Abnormal hair loss.
Alopecia areata
Autoimmune disorder that causes the effected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a person’s own immune system;usually begins with one or more small, round,smooth bald patches on the scalp.
Alopecia totalis
al-oh-PEE-shah toh-TAHL-us
Total loss scalp hair.
Alopecia universalis
Complete loss of body hair .
Amino acids
Units that are joined together end-to- end like pop beads by strong, chemical peptides bonds (end bonds) to form the polypeptide chains that comprise proteins.
Anagen phase
Also known as the growth phase; phase during which new hair is produced.
Androgenic alopecia
an-druh-JEN-ik al-oh- PEE-shah
Also known as androgenetic alopecia hair loss characterized by miniaturization of terminal hair that is converted to vellus hair; in men, it is known as, as Male pattern baldness.
Arrector pili muscle
The smallest, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle.
Canities
Technical term gray hair; results from the loss of the hair’s natural melanin pigment.
Carbuncle
Inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci ; similar to a fur uncle but larger.
Catagen phase
The brief transition period between the growth and resting phase of a hair follicle. It signals the end of the growth phase.
COHNS elements
The five elements - carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur - that make up human hair, skin, tissue, and nails.
Cortex
Middle layer of the hair; a fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin pigment.
Cowlick
Tuft of hair stands straight up.
Cysteine
An amino acid with a sulfur atom (s)that joins together two peptide strands.
Cysteine
SIS-teen
An amino acid formed when 2 cysteine amino acids ( with single sulfur) are joined by their sulfur groups or sulfide bond.
Dermal papilla
Plural: dermal papillae.a small, cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb.
Disulfide bond
Strong chemical side bond that joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids to create one cysteine, which joins together two polypeptide strands like rings on a ladder.
Eumelanin
Provides natural dark drown to black color to the hair and is the dark pigment predominant in black and brunette hair
Fragilitas crinium
Technical term for brittle hair
Furuncle
Boil; acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain
Hair bulb
Lowest part of hair strand; the thickened , cone-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root.
Hair cuticle
Outermost layer of the hair; consisting of a single, overlapping layer of transparent, scale-like cells that look like shingles on a roof.
Hair density
The number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch of scalp.
Hair elasticity
Ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking.
Hair follicle
Tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root.
Hair porosity
Ability of the hair to absorb moisture.
Hair root
The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis.
Hair shaft
The portion of the hair that projects above the epidermis.
Hair stream
Hair flowing in the same direction, resulting from follicles sloping inthe same direction.
Hair texture
Thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand.
Helix
Spiral shape of a coiled protein created by polypeptide chains that intertwine with each other.
Hydrogen bond
A weak,physical, cross-link side bond that is easily broken by water or heat.
Hydrophilic
Easy absorbs moisture; in chemistry terms capable of combining with or attracting water (water-loving).
Hydrophobic
Naturally resistant to being penetrated by moisture.
Hypertrichosis
Also known as hirsuties ( hu-Soo-shee-eez); condition of abnormal growth of hair; characterized by the growth of terminal hair in areas of the body that normally grow only vellus hair.
Keratin
A fibrous protein that grows from cells originating within the hair follicle.
Keratinization
Process by which newly formed cells in the hair bulb mature, fill with keratin move upward, lose their nucleus, and die.
Lanthionine bonds
The bonds created when disulfide bonds are broken by hydroxide chemicals hair relaxers after the relaxer is rinsed from the hair.
Malassezia
Naturally occurring fungus that is present on all human skin, but is responsible for dandruff when it grows out of control
Medulla
Innermost layer of the hair that is composed of round cells; often absent in fine and naturally blonde hair.
Melanin
The tiny grains of pigment in the cortex that gives natural color to the hair
Monilethrix
Technical term for beaded hair.
Pediculosis capitis
Infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice.
Peptide bond
Also know as an end bond; chemical bond that joins amino acids to each other, end-to-end , to form a polypeptide chain.
Pheomelanin
The lighter pigment that provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blonde tones.
Pityriasis
Technical term for dandruff; characterized by excessive production and accumulation of skin cells.
Pityriasis capitis simplex
Technical term for classic dandruf; characterized by scalp irritation, large flakes, and itchy scalp.
Pityriasis steatoides
Severe case of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scales mixed with sebum that stick to the scalp in crusts.
Polypeptide chain
A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
Postpartum alopecia
Temporary hair loss experienced towards the end and after the pregnancy.
Proteins
Long, coiled complex polypeptides made of amino acids
Ringed hair
Variety of canities characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair throughout the length of the hair stand.
Salt bond
A weak, physical, cross-link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains.
Scutula
SKUCH-ul-uh
Dry, sulfur-yellow, cuplike crusts on the scalp in tinea favosa or tinea favus.
Sebaceous glands
The oil glands in the skin that are connected to the hair follicles.
Sebum
A fatty or oil substance secreted by the sebaceous glands that lubricates the skin.
Side bonds
Bonds that cross-link the polypeptide chains together and are responsible for the extreme strength and elasticity of human hair.
Telogen phase
Also known as resting phase; the final phase in the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed.
Terminal hair
Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females.
Tinea
Technical term for ringworm- a contagious condition caused by fungal infection and not a parasite; characterized by itching, scales, and sometimes, painful lesions.
Tinea favosa
Also known as tinea favus; fungal infection characterized by dry sulfur- yellow, cuplike crusts on the scalp called scutula.
Trichology
Scientific study of the hair and its diseases and care.
Trichoptilosis
Technical term for split ends.
Trichorrhexis nodosa
Technical term for knotted hair ; it is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft.
Vellus hair
Also known as lanugo hair, short, fine, unpigmented, and downy hair that appears on the body, with the exception of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Wave pattern
The shape of the hair strands; described as straight, wavy, curly, and extremely curly.
Whorl
Hair that forms in a circular pattern on the crown of the head.
