Chapter 11 Flashcards
Social role
a set of behaviors I’m socially agreed-upon functions and for which they sit and accepted colors of norms
Social integration
being comfortably involved in meaningful interpersonal associations and friendship relations
Life-course
reference to the integration and sequencing of phases of work and family life
work
job or activity that a person does regularly especially to earn money
trajectories
In the life course, the path of one’s life experiences in a specific domain, particularly work and family life.
transitions
Definition:
In the life course, the beginning or close of an event or role relationship. For example, work transitions might be getting one’s first job, being laid off, and going back to school for an advanced degree.
social clock
Definition:
Expectations for orderly and sequential changes that occur with the passage of time as individuals move through life.
role sequencing
Definition:
The order of entry into new roles and age-related role transitions often based on normative expectations of members of one’s ethnic group.
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cohort
Definition:
In life course analysis, a cohort is a group of people who are roughly the same age during a particular historical period.
fulfillment theories
Definition:
Theories that emphasizes the purposive, goal-oriented strivings that characterize adult life, particularly those strivings for personal fulfilment and self-actualization.
competence motivation
Definition:
The desire to exercise mastery by effectively manipulating objects or social interactions.
Self-acceptance
Definition:
The product of the positive feelings that come from expressing and trusting one’s ideas and feelings; and from the acceptance one receives from others.
Self-actualization
Definition:
A motive that urges the person to make optimal use of his or her full potential to become a more effective, creative participant in daily life.
cohabitation
Definition:
Two or more people living together, with or without the intention of marriage.
Marriage
Definition:
The relationship that exists between two people who are in a consensual and contractual relationship recognized by law.
romantic love
Definition:
A form of love that combines passion and commitment; an exhilarating, emotional, and preoccupying experience of affection and attachment to the loved object.
endogamy
Definition:
Marriage within one’s well-defined group, such as one’s ethnic or religious group.
homogamy
Definition:
When people are attracted to others who share important areas of similarity.
social evolutionary theory
Definition:
A theory that emphasizes reproductive potential and reproductive investment in the selection of a desirable partner.
role compatibility
Definition:
When partners in a relationship approach situations in a manner that works well, their behaviors and responses complement one another.
positivity bias
Definition:
The tendency to view one’s romantic partner in an overly positive light, thereby making one feel he or she has found the absolutely perfect partner, and making the partner feel valued and cherished.
similarity bias
Definition:
The tendency to exaggerate perceptions of similarity between partners, thereby increasing feelings of closeness and being understood.
communal norm
Definition:
A family science theory that suggests each person pays close attention to their partner’s needs and acts in ways that will support the partner’s welfare. In a communal relationship, each partner tries to meet the needs of the other within reason.
exchange norm
Definition:
A family science theory that suggests each person expects to satisfy the needs of the partner and to have needs met in about the same amount. It includes a sense of obligation so that what one receives from the partner should be returned in similar value.
marital conflict
Definition:
Disagreement between partners in a marital relationship, often over opposing goals, needs, values, and the control of resources.
negative communication
Definition:
Verbal and nonverbal negative expressions and hostile put-downs.
coercive escalation
Definition:
A style of interaction in which the probability that a negative remark will be followed by another negative remark increases as the chain of communication gets longer and longer.
Congruence
Definition:
In a romantic or marital relationship, the state in which the partners are similar or agree in how they approach conflict.
lack of congruence
Definition:
In a romantic or marital relationship, the state in which the partners are dissimilar or disagree in how they approach conflict.
contactful
Definition:
A mode or style of interaction that is open to the other person’s point of view and that also clearly expresses the speaker’s own position.
controlling interactions
Definition:
Interactions in which one person expresses his or her point of view and does not take the other person’s point of view into consideration.
demand-withdraw pattern
Definition:
A pattern of communication in which one member of a marital relationship (the demander) nags, criticizes, and makes demands of the other to change, while the partner (the withdrawer) avoids confrontation, becomes silent, and withdraws.
work/life balance
Definition:
A concept that reflects the ability to prioritize career ambitions and goals with lifestyle goals to achieve a sense of well-being and life satisfaction.
fertility rate
Definition:
The average number of births per woman of childbearing age.
childbearing
Definition:
Related to the process of having babies.
marital companionship
Definition:
Leisure activities shared by a married couple.
Occupational hazards
Definition:
Potential physical and psychological risks associated with the workplace, including exposure to toxins, work-related injuries, and exposure to diseases, reproductive hazards, and working conditions that have negative psychological consequences.
Lifestyle
Definition:
A relatively permanent structure of activity and experience, including the tempo of activity, the balance between work and leisure, and patterns of family and social relationships.
pace of life
Definition:
The busyness of life, including activity, leisure, and rest, which is shaped by work, family, personality, and environmental contexts.
Intimacy
Definition:
The ability to experience an open, supportive, tender relationship with another person without fear of losing one’s own identity in the process of growing close. The sense of intimacy is usually acquired toward the end of early adulthood.
intimate relationship
Definition:
An open, supportive, tender relationship with another person without fear of losing one’s own identity in the process.
isolation
Definition:
A crisis resolution in which situational factors or a fragile sense of self lead a person to remain psychologically distant from others; the state of being alone.
mutuality among peers
Definition:
Empathic awareness of one another, understanding of self and other, and the ability and willingness to regulate one’s needs in order to respond to the needs of one’s partner.
exclusivity
Definition:
A shutting out of others for elitist reasons.
divorce
Definition:
The legal dissolution of a marriage.
socioeconomic level
Definition:
One’s ranking based on a number of social and financial indicators, including years of education, occupation, and income.
Glick effect
Definition:
Statistical evidence of a lack of persistence that relates dropping out of high school or college with a high probability of divorce.
