Chapter 11 Flashcards by David Meikle

Database?

Collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use of that data

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Data? what is it and examples

Collection of unprocessed items
Text
Numbers
Images
Audio
Video

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Database software, often called a database management system (DBMS), allows users to?

Create a computerized database
Add, modify, and delete data
Sort and retrieve data
Create forms and reports from the data

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A character is one byte. examples…

Numbers, letters, blank space, punctuation marks, or other symbols

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A field is a?

combination of one or more related characters
Field name
Field size
Data type

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A record is a?

group of related fields

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A primary key is a?

field that uniquely identifies each record

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A data file is a?

collection of related records

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File maintenance refers to?

the procedures that keep data current
Adding records
Modifying records
Deleting records

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Validation compares?

-  data with a set of rules or values to determine if the data meets certain criteria
Alphabetic/Numeric check
Range check
Consistency check
Completeness check
Check digit
Other checks

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File processing system?

Each department has its own set of files
Redundant data
Isolated data

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Database approach?

Programs and users share data
Reduced data redundancy
Improved data integrity
Shared data
Easier access
Reduced development time

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Disadvantages of a database approach? 3 things

Can be more complex than a file processing system
Require more memory and processing power
Data can be more vulnerable

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Web databases offer information about?

Jobs
Travel
Destinations
Television programming
Photos
Movies
Videos
Local and national weather
Sporting events
Legislative information

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A data model defines how?

users view the organization of the data
ex.
Relational database
Object-oriented database (OODB)
Multidimensional and other database types

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A data dictionary contains?

data about each file in the database and each field in those files

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A DBMS (data base management system) provides?

several tools that allow users and programs to retrieve and maintain data in the database
ex.
Query language
Query by example
Form
Report writer

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A query is a?

request for specific data from the database

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A query language consists of?

simple, English-like statements that allow users to specify the data to display, print, store, update, or delete

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Structured Query Language (SQL) is a

popular query language that allows users to manage, update, and retrieve data

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A form is a window on the screen that provides?

areas for entering or modifying data in a database

A report writer allows users to?

design a report on the screen, retrieve data into the report design, and then display or print the report

A DBMS provides means to ensure that only authorized users access data such as …

Access privileges

Principle of least privilege policy

A DMBS provides a variety of techniques to restore the database to a usable form in case it is damaged or destroyed such as…

Backup
Log
Recovery utility
Continuous backup

An information system is a collection of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that?

work together to produce information

System development is a set of activities used?

to build an information system

System development is a set of activities used to build an?

information system

System development activities are grouped into phases, and is called the?

system development life cycle (SDLC)

System development should follow three general guidelines?

Group activities into phases Involve users Define standards

A systems analyst is responsible for?

designing and developing an information system

Project management is the process of?

planning, scheduling, and then controlling the activities during system development

To plan and schedule a project efficiently, the project leader identifies the following elements?

``` Scope Required activities Time estimates for each activity Cost estimates for each activity Order of activities Activities that can take place at the same time ```

Feasibility is a measure of?

``` how suitable the development of a system will be to the organization Operational feasibility Schedule feasibility Technical feasibility Economic feasibility ```

The analysis phase consists of two major activities. what are they and describe them

1. Conduct a preliminary investigation - Determines the exact nature of the problem or improvement - Interview the user who submitted the request 2. Perform detailed analysis - Study how the current system works - Determine the users’ wants, needs, and requirements - Recommend a solution

The system proposal assesses the?

feasibility of each alternative solution

The steering committee discusses the?

system proposal and decides which alternative to pursue

The design phase consists of two major activities?

1. Acquire hardware and software | 2. Develop all of the details of the new or modified information system

A prototype (proof of concept) is a working model of the?

proposed system’s essential functionality

The purpose of the implementation phase is to?

construct the new or modified system and then deliver it to users

Various tests should be performed on the new system. four of them and what are they?

1. Unit test - Verifies that each individual program or object works by itself 2. Systems test - Verifies that all programs in an application work together properly 3. Integration test - Verifies that an application works with other applications 4. Acceptance test - Checks the new system to ensure that it works with actual data

Training involves showing users what?

``` exactly how they will use the new hardware and software in the system ex. One-on-one sessions Classroom-style lectures Web-based training ```

One or more of four conversion strategies can be used to change from the old system to the new system. what are they?

Direct conversion Parallel conversion Phased conversion Pilot conversion

The purpose of the support and security phase is to?

provide ongoing assistance for an information system and its users after the system is implemented

A programming language is a set of

words, abbreviations, and symbols that enable a software developer to communicate instructions to a computer or mobile device

An application development tool provides?

a means for creating, designing, editing, testing, and distributing programs and apps

With a procedural language, the programmer writes instructions using English-like words that tell the computer?

what to accomplish and how to do it

An object-oriented programming (OOP) language allows system developers?

to implement objects in a program

C++ is an?

extension of the C programming language | Additional features for working with objects

Visual Studio is Microsoft’s suite of object-oriented application development tools that?

assists software developers in building programs and apps for Windows or any operating system that supports the Microsoft .NET Framework

HTML is a special formatting language that software developers use to?

format documents for display on the web