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chapter 11 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aorta

A

大動脈

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2
Q

arteriole

A

小動脈

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3
Q

artery

A

動脈

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4
Q

atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)

A

房室束

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5
Q

atrioventricular node (AV node)

A

房室結

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6
Q

atrium (plural: atria)

A

中庭

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7
Q

capillary

A

毛細管

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8
Q

carbon dioxide (CO2)

A

二氧化碳

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9
Q

coronary arteries

A

冠狀動脈

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10
Q

deoxygenated blood

A

去氧血

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11
Q

diastole

A

舒張

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12
Q

electrocardiogram

A

心電圖

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13
Q

endocardium

A

心內膜

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14
Q

endothelium

A

血管內皮細胞

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15
Q

mitral valve

A

二尖瓣

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16
Q

murmur

A

私語

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17
Q

myocardium

A

心肌

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18
Q

normal sinus rhythm

A

正常竇性心律

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19
Q

oxygen

A

氧

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20
Q

pacemaker (sinoatrial node)

A

起搏器

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21
Q

pericardium

A

心包

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22
Q

pulmonary artery

A

肺動脈

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23
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

肺循環

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24
Q

pulmonary valve

A

肺動脈瓣

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25
Q

pulmonary vein

A

肺靜脈

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26
Q

pulse

A

脈衝

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27
Q

septum

A

隔膜

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28
Q

sinoatrial node

A

竇房結

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29
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

血壓計

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30
Q

systemic circulation

A

全身血液循環

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31
Q

systole

A

收縮

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32
Q

tricuspid valve

A

三尖瓣

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33
Q

valve

A

閥

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34
Q

vein

A

靜脈

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35
Q

vena cava (plural: venae cavae)

A

下腔靜脈

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36
Q

ventricle

A

腦室

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37
Q

venule

A

靜脈

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38
Q

arter/o, arteri/o

A

artery

ex.)arteriosclerosis (動脈硬化)

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39
Q

ather/o

A

yellowish plaque, fatty substance

ex.) atheroma (動脈粥樣硬化)

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40
Q

atri/o

A

atrium, upper heart chamber

ex.) atrial (房)

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41
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

ex.) brachial artery (肱動脈)

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42
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

ex.) cardiomegaly (心臟)

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43
Q

cholesterol/o

A

cholesterol (a lipid substance)

ex.)hypercholesterolemia (高膽固醇血症)

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44
Q

coron/o

A

heart

ex.) coronary arteries (冠狀動脈)

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45
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

ex.) cyanosis (黃萎病)

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46
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

ex.) myxoma (粘液瘤)

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47
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

ex.) hypoxia (缺氧)

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48
Q

pericardi/o

A

pericardium

ex.) pericardiocentesis (心包穿刺)

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49
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

ex.) phlebotomy (放血)

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50
Q

rrhythm/o

A

rhythm

ex.) arrhythmia (心律失常)

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51
Q

sphygm/o

A

pulse

ex.) sphygmomanometer (血壓計)

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52
Q

steth/o

A

chest

ex.) stethoscope (聽筒)

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53
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

ex.) thrombolysis (溶栓治療)

54
Q

valvul/o, valv/o

A

valve

ex.) valvuloplasty (瓣膜成形術)

55
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

ex.) vasoconstriction (血管收縮)

56
Q

vascul/o

A

vessel

ex.) vascular (血管)

57
Q

ven/o, ven/i

A

vein

ex.) venous (靜脈)

58
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle, lower heart chamber

ex.) interventricular septum (室間隔)

59
Q

arrhythmias

A

abnormal heart rhythms

心律不齊

60
Q

bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block)

A

failure of properly conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His

心動過緩和心臟傳導阻滯

61
Q

flutter

A

rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria

62
Q

fibrillation

A

very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute)

(纖維性顫動)

63
Q

congenital heart disease

A

abnormalities in the heart at

先天性心臟疾病

64
Q

coarctation of the aorta (CoA)

A

Narrowing (coarctation) of the aorta

主動脈縮窄

65
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

Passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains opten patent birth,

動脈導管未閉

66
Q

septal defects

A

small holes in the wall between the atira (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles

67
Q

tetralogy of Fallot

A

Congenital malformation involving four (tetra-) distinct heart defects

法洛氏四聯症

68
Q

congenital heart failure (CHF)

A

Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

先天性心臟衰竭

69
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart

冠狀動脈疾病

70
Q

endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

感染性心內膜炎

71
Q

hypertensive heart disease

A

High blood pressure affecting the heart

高血壓性心臟疾病

72
Q

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

A

Improper closure of the mitral valve

二尖瓣脫垂

73
Q

murmur

A

Extra heart sound, heard between normal beats

私語

74
Q

pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart

心包炎

75
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

風濕性心臟瓣膜病

76
Q

aneurysm

A

Local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall

動脈瘤

77
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

Blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb

下肢深靜脈血栓形成

78
Q

hypertension (HTN)

A

High blood pressure

高血壓

79
Q

peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

A

Blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs

外週動脈疾病

80
Q

Raynaud disease

A

Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes

雷諾氏病

81
Q

Varicose veins

A

Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs

靜脈曲張

82
Q

acute coronary syndromes (ACSs)

A

急性冠脈綜合徵

83
Q

angina (pectoris)

A

心絞痛

84
Q

angiotensin-coverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor

A

血管緊張素轉換酶抑製劑

85
Q

auscultation

A

聽診

86
Q

beta-blocker

A

β-受體阻滯劑

87
Q

biventricular pacemaker

A

雙心室起搏器

88
Q

bruit

A

噪音

89
Q

calcium channel blocker

A

鈣通道阻滯劑

90
Q

cardiac arrest

A

心臟驟停

91
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

心包填塞

92
Q

claudication

A

間歇性跛行

93
Q

digoxin

A

地高辛

94
Q

embolus (plural: emboli)

A

栓子

95
Q

infarction

A

梗塞

96
Q

nitrates

A

硝酸鹽

97
Q

nitroglycerin

A

硝酸甘油

98
Q

occlusion

A

閉塞

99
Q

palpitations

A

心悸

100
Q

patent

A

專利

101
Q

pericardial friction rub

A

心包摩擦音

102
Q

petechiae

A

瘀斑

103
Q

statins

A

他汀類藥物

104
Q

thrill

A

顫抖

105
Q

vegetations

A

植被

106
Q

BNP test

A

Measurement of BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) in blood

腦利鈉肽測試

107
Q

cardiac biomarkers

A

Chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack

心臟生物標誌物

108
Q

lipid tests (liquid profile)

A

measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a blood sample

脂質測試（液體的檔案）

109
Q

lipoprotein electrophoresis

A

Lipoproteins (combination of fat and protein) are physically separated and measured in a blood sample.

脂蛋白電泳

110
Q

angiography

A

X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

血管造影

111
Q

computed tomography angiography (CTA)

A

Three-dimensional x-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography (CT

CT血管造影

112
Q

digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

A

Video equipment and a computer produce a x-ray images of blood vessels

數字減影血管造影

113
Q

electron beam computed tomography (EBCT or EBT)

A

Electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early CAD

電子束CT

114
Q

Doppler ultrasound studies

A

Sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels

多普勒超聲研究

115
Q

echocardiograph (ECHO)

A

Echos generated by high frequency sound waves produce images of the heart

超聲心動描記術

116
Q

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

A

Images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose

正電子發射斷層掃描

117
Q

technetium Tc 99m sestamibi

A

Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue, where it is detected by scanning

99米锝甲氧基異丁基異腈

118
Q

thallium 201 scan

A

Concentration of radioactive thallium is measured to give information about blood supply to the heart muscle

鉈201掃描

119
Q

cardiac MRI

A

Images of the heart are produced using radiowave energy in a magnetic field

心臟MRI

120
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

Thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery

心導管檢查

121
Q

electrocardiography (ECG)

A

Recording of electricity flowing through the heart

心電圖

122
Q

Holter monitoring

A

An ECG device is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias

動態心電圖監測

123
Q

stress test

A

Exercise tolerance test (ETT) determines the heart’s response to physical exertion (stress)

壓力測試

124
Q

catheter ablation

A

Brief delivery of radiofrequency or cryosurgery to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias

導管消融術

125
Q

coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

A

Arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages

冠狀動脈旁路移植術

126
Q

defibrillation

A

Brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhthmias (ventricular fibrillation)

除顫

127
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery

動脈內膜切除術

128
Q

extracorporeal circulation

A

Heart-lung machine diverts blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is repaired

體外循環

129
Q

heart transplantation

A

A donor heart is transferred to a recipient

心臟移植

130
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

A

Balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place

經皮冠狀動脈介入治療

131
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

Drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis

溶栓治療

medical term (9 decks)

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