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chapter 10 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum, 小腦

ex.) cerebellar (小腦)

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2
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum, 大腦

ex.) cerebral cortex (大腦皮層)

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3
Q

dur/o

A

dura mater, 硬膜

ex.) subdural hematoma (硬膜下血腫)

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4
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

ex.) encephalitis (腦炎)

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5
Q

gli/o

A

glial cells, 神經膠質

ex.) glioblastoma

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6
Q

lept/o

A

thin, slender

ex.) leptomeningeal (軟腦膜)

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7
Q

mening/o,

meningi/o

A

membranes, 薄膜
meninges, 腦膜

ex.) meningioma(腦膜瘤)

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8
Q

my/o

A

muscle

ex.) myoneural

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9
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord

ex.) myelogram (脊髓造影)

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10
Q

neuro/o

A

nerve

ex.) neuropathy(神經病)

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11
Q

pont/o

A

pons (腦橋)

ex.) cerebellopontine (小腦橋腦)

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12
Q

radicul/o

A

nerve root [of spinal nerves]

ex.) radiculitis (神經根炎)

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13
Q

thalam/o

A

thalamus (丘腦)

ex.) thalamic (丘腦)

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14
Q

thec/o

A

sheath [ refers to meninges]

ex.) intrathecal injection (鞘內注射)

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15
Q

vag/o

A

vagus nerve [10th cranial nerve]

ex.) vagal (迷走神經)

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16
Q

alges/o, -algesia

A

excessive sensitivity to pain

ex.) analgesia (鎮痛)

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17
Q

-algia

A

pain

ex.) neuralgia (神經痛)

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18
Q

caus/o

A

burning

ex.) causalgia (灼痛)

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19
Q

comat/o

A

deep sleep [coma]

ex.) comatose (昏睡的)

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20
Q

esthesi/o,

-esthesia

A

feeling, nervous sensation

ex.) anesthesia (麻醉)

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21
Q 
kines/o
kinesi/o
-kinesia
-kinesis
-kinetic
A

movement

ex.) hyperkinesis (運動過度)

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22
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

ex.) epilepsy (癲癇)

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23
Q

lex/o

A

word, phrase

ex.) dyslexia (誦讀困難)

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24
Q

-paresis

A

weakness

ex.) hemiparesis (偏癱)

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25
Q

-phasia

A

speech

ex.) aphasia (失語症)

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26
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis (loss or impairment of the ability to move parts of the body)

ex.)hemiplegia (偏癱)

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27
Q

-praxia

A

action

ex.) apraxia (失用症)

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28
Q

-sthenia

A

strength

ex.) neurasthenia (神經衰弱)

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29
Q

syncop/o

A

to cut off, cut short

ex.) syncopal (暈厥)

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30
Q

tax/o

A

order, coordination

ex.) ataxia (共濟失調)

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31
Q

acetylcholine

A

乙酰膽鹼

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32
Q

afferent nerve

A

傳入神經

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33
Q

arachnoid membrane

A

蛛網膜

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34
Q

astrocyte

A

星形膠質細胞

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35
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

自主神經系統

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36
Q

axon

A

軸突

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37
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

血 - 腦屏障

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38
Q

brainstem

A

腦幹

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39
Q

cauda equina

A

馬尾

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40
Q

cell body

A

細胞體

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41
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

中樞神經系統

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42
Q

cerebellum

A

小腦

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43
Q

cerebral cortex

A

大腦皮層

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44
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

腦脊液

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45
Q

cerebrum

A

大腦

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46
Q

cranial nerves

A

顱神經

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47
Q

dendrite

A

枝晶

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48
Q

dura mater

A

硬膜

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49
Q

efferent nerve

A

傳出神經

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50
Q

ependymal cell

A

室管膜細胞

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51
Q

ganglion (plural: ganglia)

A

神經節

52
Q

glial cell (neurological cell)

A

神經膠質細胞

53
Q

gyrus (plural: gyri)

A

回

54
Q

hypothalamus

A

下丘腦

55
Q

medulla oblongata

A

延髓

56
Q

meninges

A

腦膜

57
Q

microglial cell

A

小膠質細胞

58
Q

motor nerve

A

運動神經

59
Q

myelin sheath

A

髓鞘

60
Q

nerve

A

神經

61
Q

neuron

A

神經元

62
Q

neuron transmitter

A

神經元發射器

63
Q

oligodendroglial cell

A

少突膠質細胞

64
Q

parasympathetic nerves

A

副交感神經

65
Q

parenchyma

A

實質

66
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

外週神經系統

67
Q

pia mater

A

軟腦膜

68
Q

plexus (plural: plexuses)

A

叢

69
Q

pons

A

腦橋

70
Q

receptor

A

接收器

71
Q

sciatic nerve

A

坐骨神經

72
Q

sensory nerve

A

感覺神經

73
Q

spinal nerves

A

脊神經

74
Q

stimulus (plural: stimuli)

A

刺激物

75
Q

stroma

A

基質

76
Q

sulcus (plural: sulci)

A

溝

77
Q

sympathetic nerves

A

交感神經

78
Q

synapse

A

突觸

79
Q

thalamus

A

丘腦

80
Q

vagus nerve

A

迷走神經

81
Q

ventricles of the brain

A

腦室

82
Q

hydrocephalus

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain

腦積水

83
Q

spina bifida

A

congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect)

脊柱裂

84
Q

Alzheimer disease (AD)

A

Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment or daily functioning

阿爾茨海默病

85
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem

肌萎縮性側索硬化

86
Q

epilepsy

A

Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

癲癇

87
Q

Huntington disease

A

Hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and metal deterioration

亨廷頓舞蹈病

88
Q

multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue

多發性硬化症

89
Q

myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles

重症肌無力

90
Q

palsy

A

paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function)

麻痺

91
Q

Parkinson disease (parkinsonism)

A

Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in the later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement

帕金森病

92
Q

Tourette syndrome

A

Involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words

抽動 - 穢語綜合徵

93
Q

herpes zoster (shingles)

A

Viral infection affecting peripheral nerves

帶狀皰疹

94
Q

meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis

腦膜炎

95
Q

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy

A

Brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS

人類免疫缺陷病毒性腦病

96
Q

brain tumor

A

Abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges

腦腫瘤

97
Q

cerebral concussion

A

Temporary brain dysfunction (brief loss of consciousness) after injury, usually clearing within 24 hours

腦震盪

98
Q

cerebral contusion

A

Bruising of brain tissue as a result of a direct trauma to the head; neurological deficits persist longer than 24 hours

腦挫傷

99
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke

腦血管意外

100
Q

migraine

A

Severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache

偏頭痛

101
Q

absence seizure

A

失神發作

102
Q

aneurysm

A

動脈瘤

103
Q

astrocytoma

A

星形細胞瘤

104
Q

aura

A

光環

105
Q

dementia

A

癡呆

106
Q

demyelination

A

脫髓鞘

107
Q

dopamine

A

多巴胺

108
Q

embolus

A

栓子

109
Q

gait

A

步態

110
Q

ictal event

A

發作性事件

111
Q

occulusion

A

occulusion

112
Q

palliative

A

治標不治本

113
Q

thymectomy

A

胸腺切除術

114
Q

transient ischemic attack

A

短暫性腦缺血發作

115
Q

tic

A

抽搐

116
Q

tonic-clonic seizure

A

強直 - 陣攣性發作

117
Q

cerebrospinal fluid analysis

A

samples of CSF are examined

腦脊液分析

118
Q

cerebral angiography

A

X-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessel in the brain after injection of contrast material

腦血管造影

119
Q

computed tomography (CT) of the brain

A

X-ray technique that generates computerized multiple images of the brain and spinal cord

計算機斷層掃描的大腦

120
Q

myelography

A

X-ray imaging of the spinal canal after injection of contrast medium into the subarachnoid space

脊髓造影

121
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

magnetic field and pulses of radiowave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord

磁共振成像

122
Q

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

A

Radioactive glucose is injected and then detected in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells

正電子發射斷層掃描

123
Q

doppler ultrasound studies

A

Sound waves detect blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries

多普勒超聲研究

124
Q

electroencephalography (EEG)

A

Recording of the electrical activity of the brain

腦電圖

125
Q

lumbar puncture (LP)

A

CSF is withdrawn between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis

腰椎穿刺

126
Q

stereotactic radiosurgery

A

Use of a specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in the brain.

立體定向放射外科治療

medical term (9 decks)

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