Chapter 11 Flashcards
What are the 3 general types of theories for a natural leader?
Trait theories
Behavioural theories
Contingency theories
What did the ohio state university and the university of Michigan find when they studies behavioural theories for leaders?
OSU: initiating structure and consideration
UofM: employee-oriented, production-oriented
What are the different factors that people with high/low people orientation have?
High: concern for group members, seek subordinates’ suggestions and opinions, accept and carry out suggestions
Low: publicity criticize subordinates work, lack concern for others feelings
What are the different factors that people with high/low task orientation have?
High: make individual task assignments, set deadlines
Low: practice “hands off” mgmt, leave people alone; let them define the tasks and deadlines
What is Hersey and blanchards situational leadership model?
A model that focuses on follower “readiness”. Followers can accept or reject the leader. Effectiveness depends on the followers response to the leaders actions. “Readiness” is the extent to which people have the ability and willingness to accomplish a specific task.
-an intuitive model does not get much support from the research findings
Describe delegating, participating, selling, and telling us within the Hershey and blanchards situational leadership
Delegating: follower is both able and willing. Leader– a laissez-fair approach will work
Participating: follower is able but unwilling. Leader needs to use a supportive and participative style
Selling: follower is unable but willing. Leader needs to display high task orientation and high relationship orientation
Telling: follower is unable and unwilling. Leader needs to give clear and specific directions
What is the path-goal theory? What are the key concepts?
a leaders goal is to provide followers with info, support and resources to achieve their goals. It needs guidelines to be affective.
- consider the follower- some followers need support/guidance
- consider the environment-some followers need “ roadblocks” removed
What are the Path-goal leadership styles?
Directive: informs subordinates of expectations, gives guidance
Supportive: friend and approachable, shows concern for status, well being, and needs of subordinates
Participative: consults with subordinates, solicits suggestions, takes suggestions, into consideration
Achievement oriented: sets challenging goals, expects subordinates to perform at highest level, continuously seeks improvement in performance, heads confidence in highest motivations of employees
What is house’s charismatic leadership theory?
Followers make attributions or heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviours
What are the four characteristics of charismatic leaders
- have a vision
- willing to take personal risks to achieve the vision
- are sensitive to followers needs
- exhibit behaviours that are out of the ordinary
How do charismatic leaders influence followers?
- Leader articulates an attractive vision
- -Vision Statement:Links past, present, and future - Leader communicates high performance expectations and confidence in follower ability
- Leader conveys a new set of values by setting an example
- Leader engages in emotion-inducing and often unconventional behavior to demonstrate convictions about the vision
What are the 4 characteristics of a transactional leader?
- contingent reward: contracts exchange of rewards for effort, promises rewards for good performance, recognizes accomplishments
- management by exception (active): watches and searches for deviations from rules and standards, takes corrective action
- management by exception (passive): intervenes only if standards are not met
- laissez-fairs leader: abdicates responsibilities, avoids making decisions. Not really leadership…
What are the 4 characteristics of transformational leaders?
- idealized influence: provides vision and sense of mission, I stills pride, gains respect and trust
- inspirational motivation: communicates high expectations, uses symbols to focus efforts, expresses important purposes in simple ways
- intellectual stimulation: promotes intelligence, rationality, and careful problem-solving
- individualized consideration: gives personal attention, treats each employee individually, coaches, advises
What are some of the issues related to transformational leadership?
- Has been impressively supported at various levels: “Presidents of MBA associations, military cadets, union shop stewards, school teaches, sales reps”
-Transformational leadership may be more effective in smaller organizations.
Relies on the “personal connection”
-Transformational leadership is most appropriate during crisis or change.
What about transformational leadership in a time of stability?
-Transformational vs. Charismatic Leadership.
Similar concepts, but transformational leadership may be considered a broader concept than charisma.
Cross cultural leadership: what is the implicit theory? And give examples
According to the theory, followers develop mental representations or prototypes of leaders through exposure to social situations and interactions with others.
This idea has been extended across cultures to show that individuals from different cultures can have different leader prototypes (ideal leader)
Dutch/American example, word example
