Chapter 11 Flashcards
Hemolytic anemia that is autosomal dominant. Causes weak RBC membranes, Splenomegaly, Jaundice.
Complicated by Parvo virus B19 infections
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Autosomal recessive disease that affects the black population. Its a mutation in the cell membrane sructure and only present when the blood cells slow down and repidly exchange the oxygen out.
Patients are prone to clots
Sickle cell anemia
Hemolytic anemia that results from too many unpaired B-globin. This causes early RBC hemolysis
4 possible mutations. Having 4 is letal in utero, 1 is an asymptomatic carrier
a-thalassemia
Hemolytic anemia that results from too many unpaired a-globin. Typically asymptomatic, but can show signs of minor anemia
b-thalassemia minor
Hemolytic anemia that results from too many unpaired a-globin. Lethal in 20s, Hair-on-end skull, growth restrictions.
Patients usually die due to hemochromatosis
b-thalassemia major
X-linked hemolytic anemia. Glutathione can’t be produced. Hemolysis is exacerbated by Oxidants (Asprin, Fava beans)
Anemia is mild
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
X-linked, PIGA gene mutation. Causes RBC to be opsonized by compliment fixation. Exacerbated when pH drops (night time)
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Autoimmune disorder in which IgG or IgA antibodies attack the bodys own RBC
Warm Immunohemolytic anemia
Autoimmune disorder in which IgM antibodies attack he bodies own RBC
Cold Immunohemolytic anemia
Most common cause of anemia, due to chronic blood loss. Common in females or reproductive age
Iron deficiency anemia
Anemia caused by a dietary or malabsorption issue with Vitamin B12 or Folic acid
Megaloblastic anemia
Anemia associated with patients who have chronic inflammation that suppresses erythropoesis and causes increased iron stores in bone.
Anemia of Chronic disease
Anemia that is idiopathic but can develop from an adverse drug reaction oe exposure to benzene.
Bone marrow becomes hypocellular, and also contains T cells. Reticulocytopenia in peripheral blood
Aplastic anemia
Anemia caused when cancer infiltrates bone marrow. Dacrocytes are found in peripheral blood
myelopthisic anemia
An increase in RBC that is caused by a reduction of fluid in blood, which causes a relative increase in RBC.
Common in people that are vomiting, have diarrhea or are using diuretics
This is secondary to dehydration
Relative polycythemia
An increase in RBC that is due to a mutation in JAK2, Causes itching skin and increases the risk of developing a thrombus. Patients have relativly low levels of EPO
Polycythemia vera
An increase in RBC of EPO either due to medication or hypoxia (increase in altitude)
Elevated EPO
A reactive leukocytosis, that is common in Adolescence and young adulthood. Condidion makes atypical lymphocytes and splenomegaly.
Associated with Epstein-Barr virus (HHV6)
Infectious mononucleosis
Reactive leukocytosis that causes Lymphadenitis and Granuloma formation. Caused by Bartonella henselae
Cat-scratch fever
Most common NHL in children.
Pre-B cells = 4 yr olds
Pre-T cells = 15-20 yr olds
Verry agressive, Pancytopenia, Bone pain, fever, hepatosplenomegaly
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Most common NHL of adults, mainly in 60 yr old males. Indolent course, Displaces bone maorrow, involves blood. Is associated with immune abnormalities
Chronic lymphocyic Leukemia (CLL)
Very common NHL of adults, mainly 60 yr old males. Similar course as CLL except it involves Lymph nodes.
Small lymphocytic Leukemia (SLL)
leukemia that makes up 40% of NHL. Affects adults age 50 and up. Caused by a mutation in BCL2 gene. May transsition into B cell lymphoma
Follicular lymphoma
NHL in which abnormal B-cells are found in mantle zones of lymph nodes. Adults males > 50
Mantle cell lymphoma
Most common lymphoma of adults, Very agressive and rapidly fatal
Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma
Fast and agressive leukemia that involves the mandible and maxillae. Common in african children. Causes distortion of the face and bone
Burkitt lymphoma
Only NHL covered in this class that affects plasma cells and not B cells. Common in older adults (70). Causes punched out ostrolytic lesions and is associated with a “m-spike’ from Bence-Joens proteins
Multiple myeloma
leukemia that has Reed-Sternberg cells. Starts at a single node and progresses ina predicable manner. It is painless. 70% of cases are associated with a previous EBV infection
Hodgkin lymphoma
A myeloid neoplasm in which Myeloblasts lose their abiliy to differentiate. This neoplam is very agressive, Myeloblasts replace bone marrow and suppress hematopoesis
Acute myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Myeloid neoplasm that replaces bone marrow. Myeloid cells can still differentiate but Hematopoesis is disordered. 40% of these neoplasms transform in AML
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Myeloid neoplasm; RBC/Granulocyt/Platelet counts are proportions are abnormal. may progress into pancytopenia or splenomegaly
Chronic myeloproliferative disorders
Chronic myeloproliferative disorder (Myeloid neoplasm) That causes Extramedullary hemotopesis and makes the pulp of the spleen resemble bone marrow.
Philadelphia chromosome
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Chronic myeloproliferative disorder (myeloid neoplasm) That causes Extramedullary hematopoesis, splenomegaly and is often diagnosed in its late stages
primary myelofibrosis
Chronic myeloproliferative disorder (myeloid neoplasm) that causes and increase in platelet production and is mostly asymptommatic.
Essential thrombosythemia
What are the different types of Chronic myeloproliferative disorders
Chronic myelogenous Leukemia
Primary Myelofibrosis
Essential thrombocythemia
Polycythemia vera
