Chapter 11 Flashcards
Impermeable
Clay or granite
Most productive aquifer
Sandstone, limestone, layers of sand and gravel
Major uses of Water
Residential
Agricultural
Industrial
Most fresh water
Used to irrigate crops
% used for household activities (drinking and washing)
8
Average person uses ___ volume of water daily
300 L/ 80 gal
India: average daily water use
41L
Water treatment removes these elements which are poisonous even in low concentration and can occur naturally
Mercury
Lead
Arsenic
Common pathogens
Bacteria
Viruses
Protozoa
Parasitic worms
Drinking- Water Treatment
- First filtration
- Coagulation (flocs)
- Second filtration
- Chlorination
- Aeration
- Additional treatment
Wastewater Treatment Process
Primary Treatment 1. Filtration 2. First Settling Tank Secondary Treatment 3. Aeration Tank 4. Second Settling Tank 5. Chlorination
Water uses
Manufacture goods
Dispose of water
Generate power
Water to produce 1 kg of aluminum
Nearly 1000L
Water used to manufacture a car
Almost 500000 L
Water needed to produce one ear of corn
300 L/ 80 gal
Aqueducts were built by the Romans how many years ago
Nearly 2000 years ago
% of world’s electrical energy generated by hydroelectric dams
20%
Xeriscaping
A technique used to save water by designing a landscape that requires minimal water use.
Two underlying causes of water pollution
Industrialization
Rapid human population growth
Seven sources of non-point pollution
- Chemicals added to road surfaces
- Water runoff from city and suburban streets
- Pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers
- Feces and agricultural chemicals
- Precipitation containing air pollutants
- Soil runoff
- Oil and gasoline from personal watercraft
Common groundwater pollutants
Pesticides
Herbicides
Chemical fertilizers
Petroleum
Amount of oil spilled yearly from tanker accidents into the ocean
37 million gallons
Cuyahoga River
1969, in Cleveland, Ohio was so polluted that the river caught on fire and burned for several days
Colorado River
Water is diverted for irrigation and drinking water for states such as AZ, UT, CA to the point that the river often runs dry before it reaches Mexico and the Gulf of California.
Permeable
Gravel
