chapter 11 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Brocas Area
responsible for production of speech
Wernickes area:
responsible for comprehension of language
Lexicon
all the words we know
Lexical smantics
meaning of words.. since some words have multiple meaning
Lexical decision task
Slower responding to low frequency words, fast responding to high frequency words
Waltz and (Music)- Eye tracking reaction times.
(a) First fixation durations; (b) Total gaze duration. In both cases, fixation times are longer for low-frequency words.
One reason for these longer fixations on low-frequency words could be that the readers needed more time to access the meaning of the low-frequency words. The word frequency effect, therefore, demonstrates how our past experience with words influences our ability to access their meaning.
Word frequency
relative usage of words in a language
Context on understanding language
Pronunciation of words is variable
Speech segmentation
perception of hearing individual words even though there are often no pauses between words
We learn that certain sounds are more likely to follow each other in language (statistical regularities)
our ability to hear and understand spoken words is affected by: (4 things)
- Frequency
- Context
- Knowledge of statistical regularities of our language
- Knowledge of words meanings
Lexical Ambiguity
words with more then one meaning
When ambiguous words appear, we
Determine definition from the context
Lexical priming
involves meaning of words, word followed by another has similar meaning
Tanenhaus et al
Presented participants with a tape recording of short sentences. (she held the rose, they all rose)
- 2 conditions
1. Noun-noun: Word is presented as a noun followed by a noun probe stimulus
2. Verb-noun: A word is presented as a verb followed by a noun probe stimulus
Meaning dominance
some meanings occur more then others
Parsing
process of grouping words in a sentence into phrass. Parsing determines meaning
Garden path sentences
Begin appearing to mean one thing, but end up meaning something else. Leading the reader to first interpret the sentence incorrectly, causing temporary ambiguity, which then causes reader to reevaluate their initial interpretation.
Temporary Ambiguity (GPS)
error is realized, then the person shifts to correct organization
Garden path model of processing
People read a sentence, their gouping of words into phrases is governed by a number of processing mechanisms called heuristics
Heuristic Involves
rapid, sometimes result in wrong decision
Constraint-based approach to parsing
Semantics, syntax, and other factors operate simultaneously to determine parsing
Situation Model:
simulates the perceptual and motor characteristics of objects in a story, tested by having participants read a sentence that describes a situation involving an object then indicate as quickly whether a picture shows the object mentioned the sentence
Given new Contract
Speaker should construct conversations so that they include given information, and then new information
(e.g “Ed had a birthday (given) “He got an alligtor (new information)
Entrainment
Process of creating common ground, synchronization between partners in conversation
