Chapter 11 Flashcards
as an individual’s unique constellation of psychological traits that is relatively stable over time.
Personality
“Any distinguishable, relatively enduring
way in which one individual varies from another.”
Personality Trait
may be defined as the measurement and evaluation of psychological
traits, states, values, interests, attitudes, worldview, acculturation, sense of humor, cognitive
and behavioral styles, and/or related individual characteristics.
Personality assessment
as a unique constellation of traits, we might
define a _______________ as a constellation of traits that is similar in pattern to one identified
category of personality within a taxonomy of personalities.
Personality type
characterized by
competitiveness, haste, restlessness, impatience, feelings of being time-pressured, and strong
needs for achievement and dominance.
Type A personality
has the opposite of the Type A’s
traits: mellow or laid-back.
Type B personality
is a narrative description,
graph, table, or other representation of the extent to which a person has demonstrated certain
targeted characteristics as a result of the administration or application of tools of assessment.1
Profile
the targeted characteristics are typically traits, states, or types. With specific reference to the MMPI, different profiles of scores are associated with different patterns of behavior.
Personality Profile
the targeted characteristics are typically traits, states, or types. With specific reference to the MMPI, different profiles of scores are associated with different patterns of behavior.
Personality State
refers to the transitory exhibition of some personality trait
State
a process wherein information about assessees is
supplied by the assessees themselves.
Self-Report
may be defined as one’s attitudes, beliefs, opinions, and related thoughts about
oneself.
Self-Concept
refers to the degree to which a person has different self-concepts in different roles
Self-Concept differentiation
A type of rating error where the rater consistently gives higher scores or more favorable evaluations than warranted.
Leniency Error
Often used interchangeably with leniency error, this refers to the rater’s tendency to be overly generous, giving unrealistically positive ratings, possibly due to personal liking or avoidance of conflict.
Generosity error
he opposite of leniency error. A rating error where the rater consistently gives lower scores or more harsh evaluations than appropriate.
Severity error
A general tendency to rate everyone near the midpoint of a rating scale is termed an
error of central tendency
This variety of favorable
response bias is sometimes referred to as a
Halo effect
Personality measures are tools used to gain insight into a wide array of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors associated with all aspects of the human
experience.
Primary content area sampled
refers to a tendency to respond to a test item or
interview question in some characteristic manner regardless of the content of the item
Response style
is a term used to describe the attempt to manipulate others’ impressions through “the selective exposure of some information (it may be false information)
Impression Management
as a subscale of a test designed to assist in judgments regarding how honestly the testtaker responded and whether observed responses were products of response style, carelessness, deliberate efforts to deceive, or unintentional misunderstanding.
Validity Scale
