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Human Phys > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Dentritic spines

A

Small extensions off a dendrite surface

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2
Q

Nissl body

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum of a neuron responsible for protein synthesis

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3
Q

What is another name for soma?

A

The neuron’s cell body

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4
Q

What is the axoplasm?

A

Cytoplasm of an axon

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5
Q

WHat is the presynaptic terminal?

A

it is the enlarged end of axon containing vesicles filled with neurotransmitters

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6
Q

What is the initial segment?

A

It is the beginning of the axon

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7
Q

Where do action potentials begin?

A

at the trigger zone of an axon

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8
Q

WHat is the membrane of an axon called?

A

axolemma

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9
Q

What are dentrites?

A

the highly branched cytoplasmic extensions of a neuron cell body that are specialized to receive input and conduct signals toward the cell body

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10
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Space between axon and its target

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11
Q

What is the axon hillock?

A

cone-shaped area of the neuron body. Beginning of an axon

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12
Q

What are synaptic vesicles?

A

The small, membrane-bound organelles that are found in the presynaptic terminals and which contain neurotransmitters

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13
Q

What is the trigger zone?

A

combo of axon hillock and initial segment. It is where action potentials are generated

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14
Q

What is anterograde?

A

movement away from the cell body

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15
Q

Schwann Cells

A

The specific cells that are responsible for producing myelin in the PNS

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16
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

On myelinated axons, small gaps exist between adjacent Schwann cells

17
Q

What is gray matter made up of?

A

groups of neuron cell bodies and their dendrites. there is very little myelin, resulting in a darker appearance.

18
Q

Where is gray matter found in the CNS?

A

It is found on the surface of the cortex . Nuclei are clusters of gray matter deeper within the brain

19
Q

Where is gray matter found in the PNS?

A

gray matter consists of clusters of neuron cell bodies, or ganglia

20
Q

What is white matter made out of?

A

cell bodies of neurons, but have mylelinated axons. Why theyare white

21
Q

Where can you find white matter in the CNS?

A

Nerve tracts: they propagate action potentials from one area of the CNS to another

22
Q

Where is white matter found in the PNS?

A

nerves: bundles of axons and their connective tissue sheaths

23
Q

Which of the glia are found inside the CNS?

A

astrocytes

24
Q

WHat is a ganglion?

A

The knotlike swelling in a nerve where neuron cell bodies are found

25
Q

WHich ions have a higher concentration in the ECM comepared to ICM?

A

Na+, Ca++, Cl-

26
Q

What are electrical signals that are produced by the nervous system?

A

action or graded potentials

27
Q

Where are K ions and negatively charged proteins more concentrated?

A

Inside the cell

28
Q

WHat cells are responsible for wrapping around axons, and creating myelin sheaths in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

29
Q

WHere are ganglia found?

A

PNS

30
Q

What is the resting membrane potential?

A

Difference in electrical charge across the plasma membrnae in an unstimulated cell

31
Q

WHat is one factor that is in equilibrium and that contributes to the resting membrane potential?

A

The tendency for K+ to diffuse out and its attraction to the negative interior of the cell.

32
Q

What is mostly responsible for establishing resting membrane potential?

A

Recall that compared to K+, Na+ has a relatively low permeability at rest. K+ movement across the membrane is largely responsible for establishing resting membrane potential.

33
Q

The sodium-potassium pump is responsible for what portion of the resting membrane potential?

A

Less than 15mV

34
Q

WHat is depolarization?

A

WHen the inside of the cell becomes more positive

35
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

when the inside becomes more negative

36
Q

WHat is the role of calcium on the gated Na+ channels?

A

It stabilizes the channel. WHen Ca+ is bound, the channel is closed

Human Phys (7 decks)

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