Chapter 11 Flashcards
Technology has Forever changed business
- all businesses are being transformed by technology
- disruptive innovation: less expensive and simpler version of existing products and services that target entirely new customers, many times replacing industry leaders
Data
raw facts and figures that may or may not be meaningful to a business decision
Information
knowledge gained from processing those facts and figures
information system
an organized method for collection, storing, and communicating past, present, and projected information on internal operations and external intelligence
chief information officer (CIO)
the executive responsible for managing a firm’s information systems and related operations
- traditionally reports directly to the chief executive officer (CEO)
Big data
large or complex data sets, traditional processing applications are usually inadequate to analyze
Computer-based information systems
rely on computer and related technologies to store information electronically in an organized, accessible manner
- computer hardware
- computer software
- a network
- database
Database
centralized, integrated collection of data resources
- designed to meet the information processing and retrieval needs of a company’s workforce
- serves as an electronic filing cabinet, capable of storing massive amounts of data and retrieving it within seconds
Operational support systems
designed to produce a variety of information on an organization’s activities for both internal and external users
- transaction processing system
- process control system
Management support systems: information systems that are designed to provide support for effective decision making
Computer Hardware and Software
- the early commercial computer was sold in the U.S. in the early 1950s at a cost of $1 million, took up most of a room, and could perform about 2000 calculations per second.
- In the 1970s and 1980s, the idea of a computer on every desk was unimaginable
Hardware
- all tangible elements of a computer system
input devices
components that store and process data and perform required calculations (keyboard, mouse)
Output devices
The hardware elements that transmits and display documents and other results of the computer system’s work (monitors, printers)
Mainframes
largest type of computer system, with most extensive storage capacity and fastest processing speeds
Midrange systems
high-end network servers, that can handle large-scale processing needs
Personal computers
Desktops, notebooks, laptops
Hand-held devices
smartphones
software
all programs, routines, and computer languages that control a computer and tell it how to operate
operating system
software that control the basic workings of a computer system (windows, Mac, Unix)
Application software
program that performs the specific tasks that the user wants to carry out, such as writing a letter or looking up data (Adobe Acrobat Microsoft Office programs)
Local Area Networks (LANs)
Computer networks that connect machines within limited areas, such as a building or several nearby buildings
Wide Area Networks (WANs)
Tie larger geographical regions together by using telephone lines and microwave and satellite transmission
Wireless Local Network
Allows computers, printers, and other devices to be connected without stringing cables in traditional office settings
Internet
Consists of a global system of interconnected mainframe, personal, and wireless computer networks that enables information to be shared and exchanged
Virtual Network
Computer network that consists of links that are not physical connections
Intranets
Integrate computers running all kinds of operating systems and enable collaboration among employees who are travelling or telecommuting
Enterprise Computing
Different types of hardware networked together to create a seamless data flow between organizations
Cloud computing
Use of powerful servers to store application software and databases for users to access via the web using anything from a PC to a smartphone
Application Service Provider (ASP)
An outside supplier that provides both the computers and the application support for managing an information system
Security and Ethical Issues Affecting Information Systems
- Cybercrime
- Phishing attacks
- Cyberterrorism
- Computer viruses
malware- viruses, worms, Trojan horses, spyware, and botnets
information systems and ethics
use of information systems by employees and vendors
- personal use
- privacy
Organizational use of information
- employment records
- employee tracking and monitoring
- customer data
Disaster recovery
deciding how to prevent system failures and continue operations if computer systems fail
- natural failures
- power failures
- equipment malfunctions
- software glitches
- human error
- terrorist attacks
