Chapter 11 Flashcards
Mechanism of Microbial Genetics
What is the central dogma?
DNA to RNA to protein
What is the end product of replication?
- 2 copies of DNA
- One old strand and one new strand
What are the general steps in transcription & what is made?
- Initiation, elongation & termination
- mRNA copy of DNA is made
What are the general steps in translation & what is made?
- Initiation, elongation & termination
- Polypeptide (protein) is made
How do transcription & translation differ in eukaryotes & prokaryotes?
Transcription:
- Bacteria have one RNA poll & occurs in the cytosol
- Eukaryotes have 3 different RNA pol, occurs in nucleus, mRNA is processed (5’cap & poly A tail) remove introns
Translation:
- Bacteria have Shine-Delgarno sequence, simultaneous transcript & translation, 70S ribosome, fMet
- Eukaryotes have 80S ribosome, Met
A permanent change in the base sequence of DNA
Mutation
Structural similar to normal nucleotides bases &
can be incorporated during DNA replication
Nucleoside analogs
Molecules slide between stacked nitrogenous bases
of the DNA double helix
Intercalating agents
Genes are transferred from one bacterium to another
as “naked” DNA in solution
Transfromation
DNA is transferred from a donor cell to a recipient
via a bacteriophage
Transduction
Plasmids transferred from one bacterium to another
Conjugation
Segments of DNA that can move from one region of DNA to another
Transposons
What happens with an inducible operon and a repressible operon?
- Inducible: structural genes are not transcribed unless an induce is present
- Repressible: structural genes are transcribes until they are turned off
What are the different types of mutations?
- Base substitution (point mutation)
- Missense mutation
- Nonsense mutation
- Frameshift mutation
