Chapter 10

Question 1

Study of genes, how they carry information, how
information is expressed, & how genes are replicated

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

Arrangement of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids based
on hydrogen bonding

Answer 2

Base pairs

Question 3

Flow of genetic information from one generation to the
next

Answer 3

Vertical gene transfer

Question 4

All the genetic information in a cell

Answer 4

Genome

Question 5

Molecular study of genomes

Answer 5

Genomics

Question 6

Segment of DNA that encodes functional product, usually protein

Answer 6

Gene

Question 7

Genetic makeup of an organism

Answer 7

Genotype

Question 8

Expression of genes

Answer 8

Phenotype

Question 9

Structures containing DNA that physically carry
hereditary information; the chromosomes contain genes

Answer 9

Chromosome

Question 10

Transfer of genes between cells of same generation

Answer 10

Horizontal gene transfer

Question 11

What are the general characteristics of DNA?

Answer 11

• Carrying & retaining hereditary information in a cell
• Double stranded
• Made up of nucleotides
• Sugar is deoxyribose
• Nitrogenous bases: A, C, T & G

Question 12

What are the different parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 12

• Sugar
• Phosphate
• Nitrogenous bases

Question 13

What are the different types of RNA and their function?

Answer 13

• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): integral part of ribosomes
• Transfer RNA (tRNA): transports amino acids during protein synthesis
• Messenger RNA (mRNA): carries coded information from DNA to ribosomes

Question 14

How is RNA different from DNA?

Answer 14

• RNA is single stranded instead of double stranded
• RNA has ribose instead of deoxyribose
• RNA has uracil instead of thymine

Question 15

How are eukaryotic and prokaryotic chromosomes different?

Answer 15

• Eukaryotes: in nucleus, diploid, linear, multiple chromosomes
• Prokaryotes:

Question 16

What are plasmids?

Answer 16

• Self-replicating circular pieces of DNA
• Not chromosomal DNA